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The Ups and Downs of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons from Genomic Analyses in Humans

  • Diabetes and Insulin Resistance (M Rutter, Section Editor)
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Abstract

We are in the midst of a worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these diseases is critical if we are to halt their progression and ultimately prevent their development. The advent and widespread implementation of microarray technology has allowed analysis of small samples of human skeletal muscle, adipose, liver, pancreas, and blood. While patterns differ in each tissue, several dominant themes have emerged from these studies, including altered expression of genes indicating increased inflammation and altered lipid and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and insulin signaling in patients with T2D, and in some cases, in those at risk for disease. Unraveling which changes in gene expression are primary, and which are secondary to an insulin resistant or diabetes metabolic milieu, remains a scientific challenge but we are 1 step closer.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge research support from CAPES (government of Brazil, to V.S.), NIH R56 DK096158 (to M.E.P.), the American Diabetes Association (to M.E.P.), and the Graetz Fund (to M.E.P.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Vicencia Sales & Mary-Elizabeth Patti

  2. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Vicencia Sales & Mary-Elizabeth Patti

  3. Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Vicencia Sales

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  1. Vicencia Sales
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Correspondence to Mary-Elizabeth Patti.

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Supplementary Table 1

Summary of studies of gene expression changes referenced in the review. (DOC 114 kb)

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Sales, V., Patti, ME. The Ups and Downs of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons from Genomic Analyses in Humans. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 7, 46–59 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12170-012-0283-8

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