Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Determination of Norfloxacin in Food by Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoassay with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detector

  • Published:
Food Analytical Methods Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A simple and sensitive capillary electrophoresis immunoassay method with laser-induced fluorescence detector was developed for the determination of norfloxacin in food samples. The assay was based on the competitive immunoreaction between fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled norfloxacin tracer and free norfloxacin with a limited amount of antinorfloxacin antibody. In this study, the experimental parameters affecting the norfloxacin determination were systematically optimized including incubation time, buffer pH and concentration, and separation voltage. Under the optimal conditions, norfloxacin could be accurately quantified within 3 min using Na2B4O7/NaH2PO4 buffer (30 mmol/L, pH 8.0) for background electrolyte and 25 kV for the separation voltage. The linear range of the method was 0.08–50 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.005 μg/L. The relative standard deviations for migration time and peak area of the immunocomplex were 0.17 % (intraday) and 3.46 % (intraday), respectively. The proposed method has been further applied to the determination of norfloxacin in milk, chicken, pork, and fish samples, exhibiting satisfactory recovery and sensitivity. These results indicated that the proposed method might serve as an efficient tool for the selective determination of norfloxacin in food samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alnajjar A, Idris AM, AbuSeada HH (2007) Development of a stability-indicating capillary electrophoresis method for norfloxacin and its inactive decarboxylated degradant. Microchem J 87:35–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ban E, Song EJ (2013) Recent developments and applications of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection in biological samples. J Chromatogr B 929:180–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basak S, Mandal S, Chattopadhyay M (2010) Simultaneous spectrophotometric assay for estimation of norfloxacin and metronidazole in tablets. Asian J Chem 22:5971–5975

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Z, Zhang T, Han Y, Zhu L (2006) Resonance light scattering spectroscopy study of interaction between norfloxacin and calf thymus DNA and its analytical application. Spectrochim Acta PT A-Mol Biol 65:919–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cui JL, Zhang K, Huang QX, Yu YY, Peng XZ (2011) An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of norfloxacin in waters using a specific polyclonal antibody. Anal Chim Acta 688:84–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan GY, Yang RS, Jiang JQ, Chang XY, Chen JJ, Qi YH, Wu SX, Yang XF (2012) Development of a class-specific polyclonal antibody-based indirect competitive ELISA for detecting fluoroquinolone residues in milk. J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B 13:545–554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Canas V, Simo C, Castro-Puyana M, Cifuentes A (2014) Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics. Electrophoresis 35:147–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goyal RN, Rana ARS, Chasta H (2012) Electrochemical sensor for the sensitive determination of norfloxacin in human urine and pharmaceuticals. Bioelectrochemistry 83:46–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hancu G, Rusu A, Simon B, Boia G, Gyéresi Á (2012) Simultaneous separation of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Braz Chem Soc 23:1889–1894

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Arteseros JA, Barbosa J, Compano R (2002) Analysis of quinolone residues in edible animal products. J Chromatogr A 945:1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hubicka U, Zmudzki P, Zuromska-Witek B, Zajdel P, Pawlowski M, Krzek J (2013) Separation and characterization of ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin oxidation products under potassium permanganate treatment in acidic medium by UPLC-MS/MS. Talanta 109:91–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huet AC, Charlier C, Weigel S, Godefroy SB, Delahaut P (2009) Validation of an optical surface plasmon resonance biosensor assay for screening (fluoro)quinolones in egg, fish and poultry. Food Addit Contam 26:1341–1347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang J, Zhao SL, Huang Y, Qin GX, Ye FG (2013) Highly sensitive immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen by capillary electrophoresis with gold nanoparticles amplified chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 1282:161–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamruzzaman M, Ferdous T, Alam AM, Lee SH, Kim SY, Kim YH, Kim SH (2011) A metal enhanced flow-injection chemiluminescence method for the rapid determination of nor-floxacin in pharmaceutical formulations and serum sample. B. Korean Chem Soc 32:639–644

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim J, Park B, Yun H (2002) Sensitive liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric assay for norfloxacin in poultry tissue. J Chromatogr B 772:185–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YM, Cao JT, Tian W, Zheng YL (2008) Determination of levofloxacin and norfloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection and applications in human urine. Electrophoresis 29:3207–3212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YM, Mei L, Yue HY, Shi YM, Liu LJ (2010) Highly sensitive chemiluminescence detection of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in CE and its applications. Chromatographia 72:337–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu CC, Fang GZ, Deng QL, Zhang Y, Feng JJ, Wang S (2012) Determination of metolcarb in food by capillary electrophoresis immunoassay with a laser-induced fluorescence detector. Electrophoresis 33:1471–1476

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YZ, Zhao GX, Wang P, Liu J, Zhang HC, Wang JP (2013) Production of the broad specific monoclonal antibody against sarafloxacin for rapid immunoscreening of 12 fluoroquinolones in meat. J Environ Sci Heal Part B 48:139–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marchesini GR, Haasnoot W, Delahaut P, Gerçek H, Nielen MW (2007) Dual biosensor immunoassay-directed identification of fluoroquinolones in chicken muscle by liquid chromatography electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 586:259–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Musenga A, Kenndler E, Morganti E, Rasi F, Raggi MA (2008) Analysis of the anti-Parkinson drug pramipexole in human urine by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 626:89–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ (2013) CE-MS in metabolomics. Eltrophoresis 34:86–98

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma PC, Jain A, Jain S (2009) Fluoroquinolone antibacterials: a review on chemistry, microbiology and therapeutic prospects. Acta Pol Pharm 66:587–604

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng W, Li Y, Xu X, Yuan M, Wang S (2011) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for several (fluoro)quinolones in milk. Microchim Acta 173:307–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sher M, Hussain MA, Mehmood MH, Hassan MN, Bashir S (2010) Bioequivalence of norfloxacin by HPLC-UV method. J Chil Chem Soc 55:203–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solangi AR, Memon SQ, Mallah A, Khuhawar MY, Bhanger MI (2009) Quantitative separation of oxytocin, norfloxacin and diclofenac sodium in milk samples using capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 23:1007–1013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun H, Chen P, Wang F (2009) A novel chemiluminescence reaction system for the determination of norfloxacin with Ag(III) complex. Spectrochim Acta Part A 74:819–824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timerbaev AR (2013) Element speciation analysis using capillary electrophoresis: twenty years of development and applications. Chem Rev 113:778–812

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Towns JK, Regnier FE (1991) Capillary electrophoretic separations of proteins using nonionic surfactant coatings. Anal Chem 63:1126–1132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulu ST (2012) High performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of norfloxacin in pharmaceutical preparation after pre-column derivatization. Rev Chim 63:127–130

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XL, Wang HL (2013) Epigenotoxicity of environmental pollutants evaluated by a combination of DNA methylation inhibition and capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence immunoassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 405:2435–2442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZH, Zhang SX, Shen JZ, Sergei AE (2007) Analysis of sulfamethazine by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Chin J Anal Chem 35:819–824

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang ZJ, Wang XL, Qin WD, Zhao HC (2008) Capillary electrophoresis–chemiluminescence determination of norfloxacin and prulifloxacin. Anal Chim Acta 623:231–237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yi YN, Li GR, Wang YS, Zhou YZ, Zhu HM (2011) Simultaneous determination of norfloxacin and lomefloxacin in milk by first derivative synchronous fluorescence spectrometry using Al (III) as an enhancer. Anal Chim Acta 707:128–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XW, Zhang ZX (2012) Capillary electrophoresis-based immunoassay with electrochemical detection as rapid method for determination of saxitoxin and decarbamoylsaxitoxin in shellfish samples. J Food Composit Anal 28:61–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XW, Zhang ZX (2013) Capillary electrophoresis-based immunoassay for the determination of brevetoxin-B in shellfish using electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr Sci 51:107–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang ZX, Li XL, Ge AQ, Zhang F, Sun XM, Li XM (2013) High selective and sensitive capillary electrophoresis-based electrochemical immunoassay enhanced by gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 41:452–458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao SJ, Li XL, Ra YK, Li C, Jiang HY, Li JC, Qu ZN, Zhang SX, He FY, Wan YP, Feng CW, Zheng ZR, Shen JZ (2009) Developing and optimizing an immunoaffinity cleanup technique for determination of quinolones from chicken muscle. J Agric Food Chem 57:365–371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao DY, Lu MH, Cai ZW (2012) Separation and determination of B vitamins and essential amino acids in health drinks by CE-LIF with simultaneous derivatization. Electrophoresis 33:2424–2432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Project No. 2012BAK17B03), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 31171683), the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (Project No. 201203069), and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Project No. IRT1166)

Conflict of Interest

Cuicui Liu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Xue Feng declares that she has no conflict of interest. Hailong Qian declares that he has no conflict of interest. Guozhen Fang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Shuo Wang declares that he has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China

    Cuicui Liu, Xue Feng, Hailong Qian, Guozhen Fang & Shuo Wang

Authors
  1. Cuicui Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xue Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hailong Qian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Guozhen Fang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shuo Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shuo Wang.

Additional information

C. Liu and X. Feng contributed equally to this work.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, C., Feng, X., Qian, H. et al. Determination of Norfloxacin in Food by Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoassay with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detector. Food Anal. Methods 8, 596–603 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9936-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9936-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation