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Sweet Sorghum Juice and Bagasse as Feedstocks for the Production of Optically Pure Lactic Acid by Native and Engineered Bacillus coagulans Strains

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Abstract

Sweet sorghum is a bioenergy crop that produces large amounts of soluble sugars in its stems (3–7 Mg ha−1) and generates significant amounts of bagasse (15–20 Mg ha−1) as a lignocellulosic feedstock. These sugars can be fermented not only to biofuels but also to bio-based chemicals. The market potential of the latter may be higher given the current prices of petroleum and natural gas. The yield and rate of production of optically pure d-(−)- and l-(+)-lactic acid as precursors for the biodegradable plastic polylactide was optimized for two thermotolerant Bacillus coagulans strains. Strain 36D1 fermented the sugars in unsterilized sweet sorghum juice at 50 °C to l-(+)-lactic acid (∼150 g L−1; productivity, 7.2 g L−1 h−1). B. coagulans strain QZ19-2 was used to ferment sorghum juice to d-(−)-lactic acid (∼125 g L−1; productivity, 5 g L−1 h−1). Carbohydrates in the sorghum bagasse were also fermented after pretreatment with 0.5 % phosphoric acid at 190 °C for 5 min. Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of all the sugars (SScF) by B. coagulans resulted in a conversion of 80 % of available carbohydrates to optically pure lactic acid depending on the B. coagulans strain used as the microbial biocatalyst. Liquefaction of pretreated bagasse with cellulases before SScF (L + SScF) increased the productivity of lactic acid. These results show that B. coagulans is an effective biocatalyst for fermentation of all the sugars present in sweet sorghum juice and bagasse to optically pure lactic acid at high titer and productivity as feedstock for bio-based plastics.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2012-67009-19596; LOI) and Biomass Research and Development Initiative Competitive Grant (2011-10006-30358) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. This work was also supported by funding from the US Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office, and sponsored by the US Department of Energy’s International Affairs under award number DE-PI0000031 and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Cell Science - IFAS, University of Florida, P. O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Mark S. Ou, Deepika Awasthi, Ismael Nieves, Liang Wang, Wilfred Vermerris, L. O. Ingram & K. T. Shanmugam

  2. Department of Agronomy - IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    John Erickson

  3. UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Wilfred Vermerris

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  1. Mark S. Ou
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Correspondence to K. T. Shanmugam.

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Ou, M.S., Awasthi, D., Nieves, I. et al. Sweet Sorghum Juice and Bagasse as Feedstocks for the Production of Optically Pure Lactic Acid by Native and Engineered Bacillus coagulans Strains. Bioenerg. Res. 9, 123–131 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9670-6

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