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Thermophilic Bacillus coagulans Requires Less Cellulases for Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Cellulose to Products than Mesophilic Microbial Biocatalysts

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Abstract

Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass depends on simultaneous saccharification of cellulose to glucose by fungal cellulases and fermentation of glucose to ethanol by microbial biocatalysts (SSF). The cost of cellulase enzymes represents a significant challenge for the commercial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into renewable chemicals such as ethanol and monomers for plastics. The cellulase concentration for optimum SSF of crystalline cellulose with fungal enzymes and a moderate thermophile, Bacillus coagulans, was determined to be about 7.5 FPU g−1 cellulose. This is about three times lower than the amount of cellulase required for SSF with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis, or Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis whose growth and fermentation temperature optimum is significantly lower than that of the fungal cellulase activity. In addition, B. coagulans also converted about 80% of the theoretical yield of products from 40 g/L of crystalline cellulose in about 48 h of SSF with 10 FPU g−1 cellulose while yeast, during the same period, only produced about 50% of the highest yield produced at end of 7 days of SSF. These results show that a match in the temperature optima for cellulase activity and fermentation is essential for decreasing the cost of cellulase in cellulosic ethanol production.

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Acknowledgments

We thank A. P. Rooney for providing some of the strains used in this study, Genencor Intl. for the cellulase preparation and International Fiber Corp. for Solka Floc. This study was supported in part by a grant from the Department of Energy (DE-FG36-04GO14019) and the State of Florida, University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station.

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Mark S. Ou, Nazimuddin Mohammed, L. O. Ingram & K. T. Shanmugam

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  1. Mark S. Ou
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  2. Nazimuddin Mohammed
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  3. L. O. Ingram
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  4. K. T. Shanmugam
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Correspondence to K. T. Shanmugam.

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Ou, M.S., Mohammed, N., Ingram, L.O. et al. Thermophilic Bacillus coagulans Requires Less Cellulases for Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Cellulose to Products than Mesophilic Microbial Biocatalysts. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 155, 76–82 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-008-8509-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-008-8509-4

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