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CDK4 in lung, and head and neck cancers in old age: evaluation as a biomarker

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Abstract

Background

Cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) are key factors in promoting the initiation and development of tumors. These kinases are important for maintenance of mitochondrial biogenesis and imbalance in their expression in old age may lead to the oxidative stress. Lung cancer (LC), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are two very prominent cancers in older Indians. Both the cancers are showing increasing trend in older population. The present study assessed serum concentration of one of the kinases; CDK4 in older LC and HNSCC patients.

Methods

The study included 100 subjects each of LC and HNSCC; and older subjects without cancer or any major health problems as controls. Serum CDK4 concentration was estimated using real-time label-free Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and was verified by western blot.

Results

Significant elevation in serum CDK4 was observed in cases with LC and HNSCC compared to controls. HNSCC patients with higher CDK4 expression had distinctly shorter survival than patients with comparatively lower CDK4 expression. No such difference was observed in LC patients. The germ line mutation study of this gene in Exon-2 was performed and none was observed among cases and controls.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that older patients with HNSCC and lung cancer have raised serums CDK4 levels, which has the potential to emerge as a biomarker in clinical practice.

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Abbreviations

CDK4:

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4

LC:

Lung cancer

SCLC:

Small cell lung cancer

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

HNSCC:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

SPR:

Surface plasmon resonance

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly for providing funds for the research work and to AIIMS and Indian Council of Medical Research for fellowships of Joyita Banerjee, Rashmita Pradhan, Vishal Sahu, and Abhishek Gupta.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India

    J. Banerjee, R. Pradhan, P. Chaterjee & A. B. Dey

  2. Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India

    A. Gupta, R. Kumar, V. Sahu & S. Dey

  3. Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    A. D. Upadhyay & S. Dwivedi

Authors
  1. J. Banerjee
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  2. R. Pradhan
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  3. A. Gupta
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  4. R. Kumar
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  5. V. Sahu
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  6. A. D. Upadhyay
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  7. P. Chaterjee
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  8. S. Dwivedi
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  9. S. Dey
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  10. A. B. Dey
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to S. Dey or A. B. Dey.

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Conflict of interest

Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval was obtained from the institute ethics sub-committee of AIIMS.

Informed consent

All patients signed the informed consent form prior to treatment.

Electronic supplementary material

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12094_2016_1565_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Fig S1. Expression and Purification of CDK4 protein. a) 10% SDS-PAGE gel showing expression of CDK4 in Rasetta 2 strain of E Coli: Lane 1: Uninduced Culture Lane 2: Induced Culture b) 10% SDS-PAGE shows an eluent obtained from Ni-NTA column chromatography Lane 1: Marker, Lane 2: Unbound Fraction, Lane 4-9 are elutant purified fraction of CDK4

Fig S2. Standard curve of CDK4 by SPR technique

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Banerjee, J., Pradhan, R., Gupta, A. et al. CDK4 in lung, and head and neck cancers in old age: evaluation as a biomarker. Clin Transl Oncol 19, 571–578 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-016-1565-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-016-1565-2

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