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Comparative Analysis of the Antiviral Activity of Camel, Bovine, and Human Lactoperoxidases Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

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Abstract

Lactoperoxidase is a milk hemoprotein that acts as a non-immunoglobulin protective protein and shows strong antimicrobial activity. Bovine milk contains about 15 and 7 times higher levels of lactoperoxidase than human colustrum and camel milk, respectively. Human, bovine, and camel lactoperoxidases (hLPO, bLPO, and cLPO, respectively) were purified as homogeneous samples with specific activities of 4.2, 61.3, and 8.7 u/mg, respectively. The optimal working pH was 7.5 (hLPO and bLPO) and 6.5 (cLPO), whereas the optimal working temperature for these proteins was 40 °C. The K m of hLPO, cLPO, and bLPO were 17, 16, and 19 mM, and their corresponding V max values were 2, 1.7, and 2.7 μmol/min ml. However, in the presence of H2O2, the K m values were 11 mM for hLPO and cLPO and 20 mM for bLPO, while the corresponding V max values were 1.17 for hLPO and 1.4 μmol/min ml for cLPO and bLPO. All three proteins were able to inhibit the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in Vero cell line model. The relative antiviral activities were proportional to the protein concentrations. The highest anti-HSV-1 activity was exhibited by bLPO that inhibited the HSV particles at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml with the relative activity of 100%.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Protective and Therapeutic Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute GEBRI, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt

    Esmail M. El-Fakharany & Elrashdy M. Redwan

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Vladimir N. Uversky & Elrashdy M. Redwan

  3. Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA

    Vladimir N. Uversky

  4. Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Vladimir N. Uversky

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  1. Esmail M. El-Fakharany
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Correspondence to Vladimir N. Uversky or Elrashdy M. Redwan.

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This work was partially funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF; ID-406) for EMR.

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El-Fakharany, E.M., Uversky, V.N. & Redwan, E.M. Comparative Analysis of the Antiviral Activity of Camel, Bovine, and Human Lactoperoxidases Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 182, 294–310 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2327-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2327-x

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