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Removal of chlorinated phenol from aqueous solution utilizing activated carbon derived from papaya (Carica Papaya) seeds

  • Environmental Engineering
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Abstract

Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from papaya seeds with different dry weight impregnation ratios of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) to papaya seeds by using a two-stage self-generated atmosphere method. The papaya seeds were first semi-carbonized in a muffle furnace at 300 °C for 1 h and then impregnated with ZnCl2 before activation at 500 °C for 2 h. Several physical and chemical characteristics such as moisture, ash, pH, functional groups, morphological structure and porosity of prepared ACs were studied and presented here. AC2, with the impregnation ration of 1: 2 (papaya seeds: ZnCl2), yielded a product that had the highest adsorption capacity, 91.75%, achieved after 180min contact time. The maximum Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area of AC2 was 546m2/g. Adsorption studies indicated that AC2 complied well with the Langmuir isotherm (q m =39.683mg g−1) and the pseudo-second-order (q e =29.36mg g−1). This indicated that chemisorption was the primary adsorption method for AC2. The intraparticle diffusion model proved that the mechanism of adsorption was separated into two stages: the instantaneous stage and the gradual adsorption stage. Overall, this work demonstrated the suitability of using papaya seeds as a precursor to manufacture activated carbon.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

    Duduku Krishnaiah, S. M. Anisuzzaman & M. Sundang

  2. Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

    Collin G. Joseph & Y. C. Leow

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    W. M. A. W. Daud

Authors
  1. Duduku Krishnaiah
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  2. Collin G. Joseph
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  3. S. M. Anisuzzaman
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  4. W. M. A. W. Daud
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  5. M. Sundang
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  6. Y. C. Leow
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Correspondence to Duduku Krishnaiah.

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Krishnaiah, D., Joseph, C.G., Anisuzzaman, S.M. et al. Removal of chlorinated phenol from aqueous solution utilizing activated carbon derived from papaya (Carica Papaya) seeds. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 34, 1377–1384 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0337-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0337-6

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