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Detection of 430 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from a Transesterified Butter Sample

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

Abstract

Milk fat is known to contain one of the highest number of fatty acids of all edible oils. Some of these fatty acids are known to be valuable (e.g. conjugated linoleic acids, furan fatty acid) and other as undesirable (e.g. saturated and some trans-fatty acids) food ingredients. However, a comprehensive picture on the presence of many trace fatty acids has not been achieved. For this reason we have developed an analysis scheme based on the conversion of the fatty acids into methyl esters. The fatty acid methyl esters were then fractionated by urea complexation. Both the filtrate of the urea complexation (~4 % of the sample weight) and the original sample were fractionated by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The resulting fractions were analyzed by GC/MS analysis. With this method 430 fatty acids were detected in one single butter sample. More than 230 fatty acids had two or more double bonds. In addition to the widely known spectrum of fatty acids we also detected a range of cyclohexyl fatty acids (five homologues) and methyl-branched fatty acids (including short chain and even-numbered anteiso-fatty acids), conjugated tetradecadienoic acids along with the novel ω-oxo-fatty acids (seven homologues). The reported relative retention time on the polar column may serve as a data base for the screening of other samples for this profusion of fatty acids.

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Abbreviations

9D5/F-VII:

9-(3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)-nonanoic acid

9M5/F-III:

9-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)-nonanoic acid

11D5/F-VIII:

11-(3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)-undecanoic acid

11M5/F-IV:

11-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)-undecanoic acid

a11:0:

8-Methyl-decanoic acid

a15:0:

12-Methyl-tetradecanoic acid

a17:0:

14-Methyl-hexadecanoic acid

CLA:

Conjugated linoleic acid

CTA:

Conjugated tetradecadienoic acid

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester(s)

GC:

Gas chromatography

GC/MS:

Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

HSCCC:

High-speed counter-current chromatography

i15:0:

13-Methyl-tetradecanoic acid

i17:0:

15-Methyl-hexadecanoic acid

KU/L :

Partitioning coefficient (upper to lower phase)

MBFA:

Methyl branched fatty acid(s)

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)

SIM:

Selected ion monitoring mode

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  1. Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany

    Markus Schröder & Walter Vetter

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  1. Markus Schröder
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  2. Walter Vetter
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Correspondence to Walter Vetter.

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Schröder, M., Vetter, W. Detection of 430 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from a Transesterified Butter Sample. J Am Oil Chem Soc 90, 771–790 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2218-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2218-z

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