Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Detection of trace fatty acids in fats and oils by urea fractionation and gas-liquid chromatography

  • Technical
  • Published:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society

Abstract

The detection of trace fatty acids (<0.1%) in a fat or oil by gas-liquid chromatography is possible when the methyl esters are fractionated with urea to provide a number of less complex fractions. Identification and estimation of trace fatty acids is simplified by quantitative removal of other fatty acids having similar gas chromatographic retention times. A detailed knowledge of the order in which inclusion compounds are formed was obtained by fractionating a complex mixture of marine and vegetable fatty acids. In addition, lanolin was fractionated to determine the preferential order in which saturated, branched chain (iso-, anteiso-) and hydroxy acids form inclusion compounds. Using urea fractionation and gas chromatography, 52 trace fatty acids were tentatively identified in butter, 30 in lard, and 26 in walnut oil.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Iverson, J. L., D. Firestone and W. Horwitz, J. Assoc. Offic. Agr. Chemists,46, 718–725 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Iverson, J. L., J. Eisner and D. Firestone,Ibid., in press.

  3. Swern, D., in “Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,” 1st supplement. The Interscience Encyclopedia, Inc., New York, 1957, pp. 429–448.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Swern, D., Ind. Eng. Chem.47, 216–221 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Schlenk, H., and R. T. Holman, J. Am. Chem. Soc.72, 5001–5004 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Schlenk, H., in “Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and Other Lipids,” Vol. II, Academic Press, New York, 1954, pp. 243–267.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Knight, H. B., L. P. Witnauer, J. E. Coleman, W. R. Noble, Jr., and D. Swern, Anal. Chem.24, 1331–1334 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Patton, S., R. D. McCarthy, L. Evans and T. R. Lynn, J. Dairy Sci.43, 1187–1195 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hansen, R. P., F. B. Shorland and N. J. Cooke, J. Dairy Res.26, 190–195 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Shorland, F. B., Fette Seifen Anstrichmittel66, 302–306 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Shorland, F. B., and R. P. Hansen, Dairy Sci. Abst.19, 168–189 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Herb, S. F., P. Magidman, F. E. Luddy and R. W. Riemenschneider, JAOCS39, 142–146 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Herb, S. F., P. Magidman, R. A. Barford and R. W. Riemenschneider,Ibid. 40, 83–85 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Magidman, P., S. F. Herb, R. A. Barford and R. W. Riemenschneider,Ibid. 39, 137–142 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sen, M., and H. Schlenk,Ibid. 41, 241–247 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. “Official Methods of Analysis,” 9th Ed., Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington, D.C. 1960.

  17. Metcalf, L. D., and A. A. Schmitz, Anal. Chem.33, 363–364 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Miwa, T. K., JAOCS40, 309–313 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sonneveld, W., P. H. Bergman, C. J. vanBeers, R. Keuning and J. C. M. Schogt, J. Lipid Res.3, 351–355 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hansen, R. P., Nature201, 192 (1964).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Carroll, K. K.,Ibid. 191, 377–378 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Horning, E. C., E. H. Ahrens, Jr., S. R. Lipsky, F. H. Mattson, J. F. Mean, D. A. Turner and W. H. Goldwater, J. Lipid Res.5, 20–27 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Killheffer, J. V., Jr., and E. Jungermann, JAOCS37, 456–458 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kaufmann, H. P., G. Mankel and A. K. Lehmann, Fette Siefen Anstrichmittel63, 1109–1115 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Eisner, A. W., W. R. Noble and J. T. Scanlan, JAOCS39, 168–169 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Barnes, C. S., R. G. Curtis and H. H. Hatt, Australian J. Appl. Sci.3, 88–99 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Downing, D. T., J. Lipid Res.5, 210–215 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Mold, J. P., R. K. Stevens, R. F. Means and J. M. Ruth, Biochemistry2, 605–610 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Weitkamp, A. W., J. Am. Chem. Soc.67, 447–454 (1945).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Farquhar, J. W., W. Insul, Jr., P. Rosen, W. Stoffel and A. H. Ahrens, Jr., Nutr. Rev. (Suppl. 17, Part II)27, (1959).

  31. Magidman, P., S. F. Herb, F. E. Luddy and R. W. Riemenschneider, JAOCS40, 86–88 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Grieco, P., and G. Piepoli, Riv. Ital. Sostanze Grasse41, 283–287 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Johnston, P. V., and B. I. Roots, J. Lipid Res.5, 477–478 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C.

    J. L. Iverson & D. Firestone

Authors
  1. J. L. Iverson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Eisner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. Firestone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

About this article

Cite this article

Iverson, J.L., Eisner, J. & Firestone, D. Detection of trace fatty acids in fats and oils by urea fractionation and gas-liquid chromatography. J Am Oil Chem Soc 42, 1063–1068 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02636908

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02636908

Keywords

Search

Navigation