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Altered modular organization of intrinsic brain functional networks in patients with Parkinson’s disease

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Abstract

Although previous studies reported altered topology of brain functional networks in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), the modular organization of brain functional networks in PD patients remains largely unknown. Using the resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) and graph theory, we examined the modular organization of brain functional networks in 32 unmedicated patients with early-to-mid motor stage PD and 31 healthy controls. Compared to the controls, the PD patients tended to show decreased integrity and segregation, both within and between modules. This was inferred by significantly increased intra-modular characteristic path length (L p) within four modules: mPFC, SN, SMN, and FPN, decreased inter-modular functional connectivity (FC) between mPFC and SN, SMN, and VN, and decreased intra-modular clustering in the PD patients. Intra-modular characteristic path length within the mPFC showed significantly positive correlation with general cognitive ability in the PD group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that FC between mPFC and SN had the highest significant accuracy in differentiating the patients from the controls. Our findings may provide new insight in understanding the pathological changes that underlie impairment in cognition and movement in Parkinson’s disease.

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Abbreviations

mPFC:

Medial prefrontal cortex

SN:

Salience network

FPN:

Fronto-parietal network

SMN:

Somatomotor network

VN:

Visual network

pCER:

Posterior cerebellum

DMN:

Default mode network

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China

    Qing Ma, Carol Seger, Changhong Li, Junjing Wang, Ling Weng, Wenjie Jiang & Ruiwang Huang

  2. Department of Radiology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

    Biao Huang, Wanqun Yang & Jieying Feng

  3. Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, China

    Jinhui Wang

  4. Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 310015, China

    Jinhui Wang

  5. Department of Psychology and Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Carol Seger

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  1. Qing Ma
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Correspondence to Biao Huang or Ruiwang Huang.

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Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers: 81271548, 81271560, 81371535, 81428013, and 81471654), and Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LZ13C090001).

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All of the authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Highlights

• Characterized altered modular organization in PD patients at early-to-mid clinical motor stages.

• PD patients showed increased intra-modular path length in mPFC, SN, FPN, and SMN.

• Characteristic path length changed when confronted with ‘module lesion’

• Inter-modular functional connectivity between mPFC and SN can differentiate PD patients from controls.

Qing Ma and Biao Huang contributed equally to this work.

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Ma, Q., Huang, B., Wang, J. et al. Altered modular organization of intrinsic brain functional networks in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Brain Imaging and Behavior 11, 430–443 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-016-9524-7

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