Abstract
We report an approach using cold spray technology to coat poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in polymer and hydrogel states with hydroxyapatite (HA). Using porous aggregated HA powder, we hypothesized that fragmentation of the powder upon cold spray could lead to formation of a ceramic coating on the surface of the PVA substrate. However, direct spraying of this powder led to complete destruction of the swollen PVA hydrogel substrate. As an alternative, HA coatings were successfully produced by spraying onto dry PVA substrates prior to swelling in water. Dense homogeneous HA coatings composed of submicron particles were obtained using rather low-energy spraying parameters (temperature 200-250 °C, pressure 1-3 MPa). Coated PVA substrates could swell in water without removal of the ceramic layer to form HA-coated hydrogels. Microscopic observations and in situ measurements were used to explain how local heating and impact of sprayed aggregates induced surface roughening and strong binding of HA particles to the molten PVA substrate. Such an approach could lead to design of ceramic coatings whose roughness and crystallinity can be finely adjusted to improve interfacing with biological tissues.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank M. Betbeder and F. Gaslain for their help with SEM and J.-D. Bartout for granulometry measurements. D.M. acknowledges a Ph.D. scholarship from Mines ParisTech. Financial support from Mines ParisTech, ESPCI Paris, and Institut Carnot M.I.N.E.S. (Grant HAP-Process 2012) is also acknowledged.
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The original version of this article was revised: We regret that the original article contained a spelling error in the title. The title should have been published to read: Cold Spray Coating of Submicronic Ceramic Particles on Poly(vinyl alcohol) in Dry and Hydrogel States.
An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11666-017-0556-3.
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Moreau, D., Borit, F., Corté, L. et al. Cold Spray Coating of Submicronic Ceramic Particles on Poly(vinyl alcohol) in Dry and Hydrogel States. J Therm Spray Tech 26, 958–969 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-017-0551-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-017-0551-8