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Microstructural Effects in Face-Centered-Cubic Alloys after Small Charge Explosions

  • Symposium: Dynamic Behavior of Materials
  • Published:
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Abstract

Effects on metal targets after an explosion include the following: fracture, plastic deformation, surface modifications, and microstructural crystallographic alterations with ensuing mechanical properties changes. In the case of small charge explosions, macroscopic effects are restricted to small charge-to-target distances, whereas crystal alterations can still be observed at moderate distances. Microstructural variations, induced on gold-alloy disk samples, as compared to previous results on AISI 304Cu steel samples, are illustrated. The samples were subjected to blast-wave overpressures in the range of 0.5 to 195 MPa. Minimum distances and peak pressures, which could still yield observable alterations, were especially investigated. Blast-related microstructural features were observed on the explosion-exposed surface and on perpendicular cross sections. Analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to identify modifications of phase, texture, dislocation density, and frequency of mechanical twins, before and after the explosions. Optical metallography (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations evidenced partial surface melting, zones with recrystallization phenomena, and crystal plastic deformation marks. The latter marks are attributed to mechanical twinning in the stainless steel and to cross-slip (prevalent) and mechanical twinning (possibly) in the gold alloy.

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Notes

  1. Type BRWA 0589.EXP.0867/01, produced by Schaffler & Co., Factory Winzendorf, available from S.E.I. (Società Esplosivi Industriali) s.p.a., It-25016, Ghedi (BS), Italy.

  2. The reduced distance dependence and the shape of the interpolating function were chosen on the basis of previous theoretical[7] and experimental[8] results.

  3. The reflected overpressure p r is higher than the free-field overpressure p d , because the specimen surface hinders the gas expansion.

  4. For this reason, most OM observations (especially at the lower charge-to-sample distances) were made close to the sample center.

  5. V is equal to √(E · (1 − ν)/(ρ · (1 + ν) · (1 − 2 · ν))), E being the Young modulus, ν the Poisson coefficient, and ρ the density.

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Acknowledgments

The financial support of the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research, through the Progetto di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale Grant No. 2001094974, is acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department, Turin Technical University, 10129, Torino, Italy

    D. Firrao (Full Professor), P. Matteis (Research Assistant), G. Scavino (Associate Professor), G. Ubertalli (Associate Professor) & C. Pozzi (Ph.D. Student)

  2. Chemical and Industrial Chemistry Department, Genova University, 16146, Genova, Italy

    M.G. Ienco (Associate Professor), P. Piccardo (Assistant Professor) & M.R. Pinasco (Full Professor)

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, Rome “Tor Vergata” University, 00133, Roma, Italy

    G. Costanza (Assistant Professor), R. Montanari (Full Professor) & M.E. Tata (Assistant Professor)

  4. Explosives Chemistry Institute, Italian Military Navy, 19138, La Spezia, Mariperman, Italy

    G. Brandimarte (Director)

  5. Explosives Technology Laboratory, Italian Military Navy, 19138, La Spezia, Mariperman, Italy

    S. Petralia (Director)

Authors
  1. D. Firrao
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  2. P. Matteis
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  3. G. Scavino
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  4. G. Ubertalli
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  5. C. Pozzi
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  6. M.G. Ienco
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  7. P. Piccardo
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  8. M.R. Pinasco
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  9. G. Costanza
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  10. R. Montanari
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  11. M.E. Tata
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  12. G. Brandimarte
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  13. S. Petralia
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Firrao.

Additional information

This article is based on a presentation given in the symposium “Dynamic Behavior of Materials,” which occurred February 26–March 1, 2007, during the TMS Annual Meeting in Orlando, FL, under the auspices of the TMS Structural Materials Division and the TMS/ASM Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee.

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Firrao, D., Matteis, P., Scavino, G. et al. Microstructural Effects in Face-Centered-Cubic Alloys after Small Charge Explosions. Metall Mater Trans A 38, 2869–2884 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9318-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9318-z

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