Summary
Embryogenic nucellar cultures were established on B5 major salts, MS minor salts and organics, 400 mg/l−1 glutamine, 60 g/l−1 sucrose, 2 g/l−1 gellan gum, and 4.5 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). There was no clear relationship between developmental age of the nucellar explants and induction of embryogenic cultures. The temporal requirements for culture initiation and for induction of embryogenic competence from nucellar explants were determined by pulsing the cultures for 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63 d. Culture initiation required a minimum 7–14 d pulse with 2,4-D, and was maximum after a 56-d pulse; however, embryogenic competence was optimum after a minimum of 28 d exposure to 2,4-D. Somatic embryogenesis occurred directly from the nucellar explants at low frequencies. Somatic embryo maturation only occurred following plating of suspensions onto semisolid medium, and was stimulated by 2.4–4.8 µM kinetin and 4.4 µM 6-benzyladenine.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ammirato, P. V. Patterns of development in culture. In: Henke, R. R.; Hughes, K. W.; Constantin, M. J., et al. eds. Tissue culture in forestry and agriculture. New York: Plenum Press; 1985:9–29.
Ammirato, P. V. Organizational events during somatic embryogenesis. In: Green, C. E.; Somers, D. A.; Hackett, W. P., et al., eds. Plant tissue and cell culture. New York: Alan R. Liss; 1987:57–81.
Ammirato, P. V.; Steward, F. C. Some effects of the environment on the development of embryos from cultured free cells. Bot. Gaz. 132:149–158; 1971.
Christianson, M. L.; Warnick, D. A. Competence and determination in the process of in vitro shoot organogenesis. Dev. Biol. 95:288–293; 1983.
DeWald, S. G.; Litz, R. E.; Moore, G. A. Optimizing somatic embryo production in mango. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 114:712–716; 1989a.
DeWald, S. G.; Litz, R. E.; Moore, G. A. Maturation and germination of mango somatic embryos. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sic. 114:837–841; 1989b.
Fujimura, T.; Komamine, A. Mode of action of 2,4-D and zeatin on somatic embryogenesis in a carrot cell suspension culture. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 99:1–8; 1980.
Gamborg, O. L.; Miller, R. A.; Ojima, K. Plant cell cultures. I. Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp. Cell Res. 50:151–158; 1968.
Halperin, W. Alternative morphogenetic events in cell suspensions. Am. J. Bot. 53:443–453; 1966.
Knight, R. J., Jr. Important mango cultivars and their descriptors. In: Litz, R. E., ed. Mango botany, production and uses. Wallingford, England: CAB International; 1997:543–565.
Litz, R. E. The mango. In: Evans, D. A.; Sharp, W. R.; Ammirato, P. V., eds. Handbook of plant cell culture. Vol. 4. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co.; 1986:612–625.
Litz, R. E.; Hendrix, R. C.; Moon, P. A. Induction of embryogenic mango cultures as affected by genotype, explanting, 2,4-D and embryogenic nurse culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. (in press); 1997.
Litz, R. E.; Lavi, U. Biotechnology. In: Litz, R. E., ed. Mango botany, production and use. Wallingford, England: CAB International; 1997:401–423.
Litz, R. E.; Mathews, V. H.; Moon, P. A., et al. Somatic embryos of mango (Mangifera indica L.). In: Redenbaugh, K., ed. Synseeds applications of synthetic seeds to crop improvement. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1993:409–425.
Litz, R. E.; Moon, P. A.; Mathews, H., et al. Somatic embryogenesis in mango (Mangifera indica L.). In: Jain, S. M.; Gupta, P. K.; Newton, R. J., eds. Somatic embryogenesis in woody plants. Vol. 2. Angiosperms. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1995:341–356.
Maheshwari, P.; Rangaswamy, N. S. Polyembryony and in vitro cultures of embryos of Citrus and Mangifera. Indian J. Hortic. 15:272–282; 1958.
Mathews, H.; Litz, R. E.; Wilde, D. H., et al. Stable integration and expression of β-glucuronidase and NPT II genes in mango somatic embryos. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 28P:172–178; 1992.
Monsalud, M. J.; Mathews, H.; Litz, R. E., et al. Control of hyperhydricity in mango (Mangifera indica L.) somatic embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 42:195–205; 1995.
Mukherjee, S. K. Introduction: botany and importance. In: Litz, R. E., ed. Mango, botany, production and uses. Wallingford, England: CAB International; 1997:1–19.
Murashige, T.; Skoog, F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15:473–497; 1962.
Walker, K. A.; Wendeln, M. L.; Jaworski, E. G. Organogenesis in callus cultures of Medicago sativa. The temporal separation of induction processes from differentiation processes. Plant Sci. Lett. 16:23–30; 1979.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lad, B.L., Jayasankar, S., Pliego-Alfaro, F. et al. Temporal effect of 2,4-D on induction of embryogenic nuclellar cultures and somatic embryo development of ‘Carabao’ mango. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 33, 253–257 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-997-0045-3
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-997-0045-3