Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Silver nitrate promotes high-frequency multiple shoot regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by inhibiting ethylene production and phenolic secretion

  • Plant Tissue Culture
  • Published:
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The regeneration frequency of cotton (Gossypium spp.) is greatly influenced by its genetic makeup and recalcitrant nature. In particular, phenolic secretion is a major problem in cotton tissue culture. The present study was carried out to develop a rapid and efficient in vitro regeneration method, without phenolic secretion, from cotyledonary node explants of cotton. Multiple shoot induction was achieved after 3 wk of culture on MSB5 medium supplemented with N6-benzyl adenine (BA), kinetin (KN), thidiazuron (TDZ) (each tested at 0.5–3.0 mg L−1), Pluronic F-68 (0.1–0.6% [w/v]), or silver nitrate (AgNO3; 0.5–3.0 mg L−1). AgNO3 at 2 mg L−1 produced the greatest number of shoots (a mean of 22.2 ± 0.21 shoots per cotyledonary node explant), with no phenolic secretion. The induced shoots were healthy with intense green color and multiplied rapidly on the same medium. BA at 2.5 mg L−1 produced 10.3 ± 0.37 shoots/explant with moderate phenolic secretion. Pluronic F-68 at 0.3% produced 7.6 ± 0.28 shoots/explant along with high phenolic secretion. Individual shoots were elongated on MSB5 medium + gibberellic acid (GA3; 0.2 mg L−1; shoot length 7.8 ± 0.31 cm) and rooted on MSB5 medium + α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 0.3 mg L−1; 8.3 ± 0.32 roots/shoot). Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in paper cups inside a plant growth chamber at 25°C and 70% relative humidity with a 70% survival rate. From the present study, AgNO3 was found to be suitable for obtaining a high frequency of multiple shoot production from cotyledonary node explants of cotton without phenolic secretion. The current protocol can be adopted for developing transgenic plants of commercial cotton cultivars through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agrawal DC, Banerjee AK, Kolala RR, Dhage AB, Kulkarni AV, Nalawade SM, Hazra S, Krishnamurthy KV (1997) In vitro induction of multiple shoots and plant regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plant Cell Rep 16:647–652

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arraes FBM, Beneventi MA, de Sa MEL, Paixao JFR, Albuquerque EVS, Marin SRR, Purgatto E, Nepomuceno AL, Grossi-de-Sa MF (2015) Implications of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in soybean drought stress tolerance. BMC Plant Biol 15:213. doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0597-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ashwini AM, Ramakrishnaiah H, Manohar S, Majumdar M (2015) An efficient multiple shoot induction and genetic fidelity assessment of Exacum bicolor Roxb., an endemic and endangered medicinal plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 51:659–668

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aharoni N, Lieberman M (1979) Ethylene as a regulator of senescence in tobacco leaf discs. Plant Physiol 64:796–800

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bais HP, Ravishankar GA (2002) Role of polyamines in the ontogeny of plants and their biotechnological applications. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 69:1–34

  • Bais HP, Sudha GS, Ravishankar GA (2000) Putrescine and silver nitrate influences shoot multiplication, in vitro flowering and endogenous titres of polyamines in Cichorium intybus L. cv Lucknow local. J Plant Growth Regul 19:238–248

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cristea TO, Leonte C, Brezeanu C, Brezeanu M, Ambarus S, Calin M, Prisecaru M (2012) Effect of AgNO3 on androgenesis of Brassica oleracea L. anthers cultivated in vitro. Afr J Biotechnol 11:13788–13795

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen P, Li R, Zhou R, Zhao Y (2010) Direct shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledonary node of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). Afr J Biotechnol 9:8693–8697

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dashti S, Habashi AA, Azghandi AV, Abdollahi H, Chamani M, Dashti S (2012) Effects of Pluronic F-68 on regeneration and rooting of two pear cultivars (Pyrus communis cvs Dar Gazi and Bartlett). Int Res J App Basic Sci 3:190–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Davey MR, Anthony P, Power JB, Lowe KC (2003) Applications and benefits of a non-ionic surfactant and artificial oxygen carriers for enhancing post-thaw recovery of plant cells from cryopreservation. Adv Exp Med Biol 540:139–146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidonis GH, Hamilton RH (1983) Plant regeneration from callus tissue of Gossypium hirsutum L. Plant Sci Lett 32:89–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Divya K, Swathi Anuradha T, Jami SK, Kirti PB (2008) Efficient regeneration from hypocotyl explants in three cotton cultivars. Biol Plant 52:201–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans PT, Malmberg RL (1989) Do polyamines have roles in plant development? Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40:235–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu LL, Yang XY, Zhang XL, Wang Z, Feng C, Liu C, Jiang PY, Zhang JL (2009) Regeneration and identification of interspecific asymmetric somatic hybrids obtained by donor-recipient fusion in cotton. Chin Sci Bull 54:3035–3044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima K (1968) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res 50:151–158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ganesh Kumari K, Jayabalan N (2015) A comparative study of PGRs and Pluronic F68, a surfactant on in vitro regeneration of castor (Ricinus communis L.) using shoot tip and cotyledonary node explant. Int J Curr Biotechnol 3:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerszberg A, Hnatuszko-Konka K, Kowalczyk T (2015) In vitro regeneration of eight cultivars of Brassica oleracea var. capitata. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 51:80–87

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giridhar P, Obul Reddy B, Ravishankar GA (2001) Silver nitrate influences in vitro shoot multiplication and root formation in Vanilla planifolia Andr. Curr Sci 81:1166–1170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gong Y, Gao F, Tang K (2005) In vitro high frequency direct root and shoot regeneration in sweet potato using the ethylene inhibitor silver nitrate. South Afr J Bot 71:110–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta SK, Singh PK, Sawant SV, Chaturvedi R, Tuli R (2000) Effect of light intensity on in vitro multiple shoot induction and regeneration of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Khandawa-2). Indian J Exp Biol 38:399–401

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurusaravanan P, Vinoth S, Satheesh Kumar M, Thajuddin N, Jayabalan N (2013) Effect of cyanobacterial extracellular products on high-frequency in vitro induction and elongation of Gossypium hirsutum L organs through shoot apex explants. J Genetic Eng Biotechnol 11:9–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haque M, Siddique AB, Shahinul Islam SM (2015) Effect of silver nitrate and amino acids on high frequency plants regeneration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Tissue Cult Biotechnol 25:37–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hazra S, Kulkarni AV, Nalawade SM, Banerjee AK, Agrawal DC, Krishnamurthy KV (2000) Influence of explants, genotypes and culture vessels on sprouting and proliferation of pre-existing meristems of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium arboreum L.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 36:505–510

  • Hemphill JK, Maier CGA, Chapman KD (1998) Rapid in vitro plant regeneration of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plant Cell Rep 17:273–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyde CL, Phillips GC (1996) Silver nitrate promotes shoot development and plant regeneration of Chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) via organogenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 32:72–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain P, Kachhwaha S, Kothari SL (2014) Chloroplast ultra structure, photosynthesis and enzyme activities in regenerated plants of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni as influenced by copper sulphate in the medium. Indian J Exp Biol 52:898–904

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jakubowicz M, Gałgańska H, Nowak W, Sadowski J (2010) Exogenously induced expression of ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene perception, phospholipase D, and Rboh-oxidase genes in broccoli seedlings. J Exp Bot 61:3475–3491

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Juturu VN, Mekala GK, Kirti PB (2015) Current status of tissue culture and genetic transformation research in cotton (Gossypium spp.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 120:813–839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabir KMR, Kwon SW, Park YJ (2013) Application of cobalt chloride and silver nitrate for efficient microspore culture of Brassica rapa ssp. Plant Tissue Cult Biotechnol 23:1–10

  • Kennedy YA, Yoshida H, Takahata Y (2005) Efficient plant regeneration from leaves of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): the influence of AgNO3 and genotype. Plant Cell Rep 24:649–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan T, Reddy VS, Leelavathi S (2010) High-frequency regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of an elite recalcitrant cotton genotype (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 101:323–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khatun A, Laouar L, Davey MR, Power JB, Mulligan BJ, Lowe KC (1993) Effects of Pluronic F-68 on shoot regeneration from cultured jute cotyledons and on growth of transformed roots. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 34:133–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khehra M, Lowe KC, Davey MR, Power JB (1995) An improved micropropagation system for Chrysanthemum based on Pluronic F-68-supplemented media. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 41:87–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JK, Baskar TB, Park SU (2016) Silver nitrate and putrescine enhance in vitro shoot organogenesis in Polygonum tinctorium. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 13:53–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar SV, Rajam MV (2004) Polyamine-ethylene nexus: a potential target for post-harvest biotechnology. Indian J Biotechnol 3:299–304

  • Kumar V, Laouar L, Davey MR, Mulligan BJ, Lowe KC (1992) Pluronic F-68 stimulates growth of Solanum dulcamara in culture. J Exp Bot 43:487–493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar V, Parvatam G, Ravishankar GA (2009) AgNO3—a potential regulator of ethylene activity and plant growth modulator. Electron J Biotechnol 12(2).doi: 10.2225/vol12-issue2-fulltext-1

  • Kumria R, Sunnichan VG, Das DK, Gupta SK, Reddy VS, Bhatnagar RK, Leelavathi S (2003) High-frequency somatic embryo production and maturation into normal plant in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) through metabolic stress. Plant Cell Rep 21:635–639

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Llop-Tous I, Barry CS, Grierson D (2000) Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in response to pollination in tomato flowers. Plant Physiol 123:971–978

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Loomis WD, Battaile J (1966) Plant phenolic compounds and the isolation of plant enzymes. Phytochemistry 5:423–438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe KC, Davey MR, Power JB, Mulligan BJ (1993) Surfactant supplements in plant culture systems. Agro-Ind Hi-Tech 4:9–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Michel Z, Hilaire KT, Mongomaké K, Georges AN, Justin KY (2008) Effect of genotype, explants, growth regulators and sugars on callus induction in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Aust J Crop Sci 2:1–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra R, Wang H, Yadav R, Wilkins A (2003) Development of a highly regenerable elite Acala cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Maxxa)—a step towards genotype-independent regeneration. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 73:21–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morre JL, Permingeat HR, Romagnoli MV, Heisterborg CM, Vallejos RH (1998) Multiple shoot induction and plant regeneration from embryonic axes of cotton. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 54:131–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murhammer DW, Goochee CF (1990) Structural features of non-ionic polyglycol polymer molecules responsible for the protective effect in sparged animal cell bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog 6:142–148

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muruganantham M, Amutha S, Selvaraj N, Vengadesan G, Ganapathi A (2007) Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Vigna mungo using immature cotyledonary-node explants and phosphinothricin as the selection agent. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 43:550–557

  • Muruganantham M, Ganapathi A (2014) AgNO3 boosted high-frequency shoot regeneration in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Plant Signal Behav 9(10):e972284. doi:10.4161/psb.32165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige TF, Skoog A (1962) Revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naik SK, Chand PK (2003) Silver nitrate and aminoethoxyvinylglycine promote in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). J Plant Physiol 160:423–430

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nissen P (1994) Stimulation of somatic embryogenesis in carrot by ethylene: effects of modulators of ethylene biosynthesis and action. Physiol Plant 92:397–403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obembe OO, Khan T, Popoola JO (2011) High frequency multiple shoots induction and plant regeneration in six elite Indian cotton cultivars. Can J Pure Appl Sci 5:1385–1389

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouma JP, Young MM, Reichert NA (2004) Optimization of in vitro regeneration of multiple shoots from hypocotyl sections of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Afr J Biotechnol 3:169–173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozden-Tokatli Y, Ozudogru EA, Akcin A (2005) In vitro response of pistachio nodal explants to silver nitrate. Sci Hortic 106:415–426

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozudogru EA, Ozden-Tokatli Y, Akcin A (2005) Effect of silver nitrate on multiple shoot formation of Virginia-type peanut through shoot tip culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 41:151–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozyigit II (2008) Phenolic changes during in vitro organogenesis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) shoot tips. Afr J Biotechnol 7:1145–1150

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pathi KM, Tuteja N (2013) High-frequency regeneration via multiple shoot induction of an elite recalcitrant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Narashima) by using embryo apex. Plant Signal Behav 8(1):e22763. doi:10.4161/psb.22763

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prem Kumar G, Sivakumar S, Siva G, Vinoth S, Vigneswaran M, Kanakachari M, Senthil Kumar T, Jayabalan N (2015) Evaluation of different carbon sources for high frequency callus culture with reduced phenolic secretion in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. SVPR-2. Biotechnol Rep 7:72–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pua EC, Chi GL (1993) De novo shoot morphogenesis and plant growth of mustard (Brassica juncea) in vitro in relation to ethylene. Physiol Plant 88:467–474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raghu E, Muralikrishna N, Srinivas K, Bharathkumar K, Yashodhara V, Pandarinath S, Venkateswar Rao A (2016) An efficient and high frequency regeneration protocol in two cultivars of Capsicum annuum. L cvs.G3 and G4. Int J Curr Biotechnol 4:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajinikanth M, Mahitha B, Rama Swamy N (2015) Influence of silver nitrate on leaflet based direct regeneration in Arachis hypogaea L. Vegetos 28:63–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathore MS, Mastan SG, Yadav P, Bhatt VD, Shekhawat NS, Chikara J (2016) Shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Withania coagulans (stocks) Dunal and genetic stability evaluation of regenerates with RAPD and ISSR markers. South Afr J Bot 102:12–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reis E, Batista MT, Canhoto JM (2008) Effect and analysis of phenolic compounds during somatic embryogenesis induction in Feijoa sellowiana berg. Protoplasma 232:193–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roustan JP, Latche A, Fallot J (1990) Control of carrot somatic embryogenesis by AgNO3, an inhibitor of ethylene action: effect on arginine decarboxylase activity. Plant Sci 67:89–95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasidharan P, Jayachitra A (2016) Direct shoot bud regeneration from shoot tip explants of Enicostema axillare: an important medicinal plant. Agrofor Syst. doi:10.1007/s10457-016-9943-x

    Google Scholar 

  • Satish L, Antony Ceasar S, Shilpha J, Sagina Rency A, Rathinapriya P, Ramesh M (2015) Direct plant regeneration from in vitro-derived shoot apical meristems of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 51:192–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherif NA, Senthil Kumar T, Rao MV (2016) In vitro regeneration by callus culture of Anoectochilus elatus Lindley, an endangered terrestrial jewel orchid. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 52:72–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shoemaker RC, Couche LJ, Galbraith DW (1986) Characterization of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plant Cell Rep 3:178–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sirisom Y, Te-chato S (2012) The effect of peptone and silver nitrate on in vitro shoot formation in Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg. J Agric Technol 8:1509–1516

    Google Scholar 

  • Siva G, Sivakumar S, Prem Kumar G, Vigneswaran M, Vinoth S, Arunachalam S, Elango B, Senthil Kumar T, Jayabalan N (2015a) Multiple shoot production from nodal explants and FTIR analysis of in vitro regenerated plants of Psoralea corylifolia L. Pharm Biol Eval 2:105–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Siva G, Sivakumar S, Prem Kumar G, Vigneswaran M, Vinoth S, Muthamil Selvan A, Parveez Ahamed A, Manivannan K, Rajesh Kumar R, Thajuddin N, Senthil Kumar T, Jayabalan N (2015b) Optimization of elicitation condition with jasmonic acid, characterization and antimicrobial activity of psoralen from direct regenerated plants of Psoralea corylifolia L. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 4:624–631

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamimi SM (2015) Effects of ethylene inhibitors, silver nitrate (AgNO3), cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), on in vitro shoot induction and rooting of banana (Musa acuminata L.). Afr J Biotechnol 14:2510–2516

  • Trolinder L, Goodin JR (1988) Somatic embryogenesis in cotton (Gossypium) II. Requirements for embryo development and plant regeneration. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 12:43–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trolinder L, Xhixian C (1989) Genotype specificity of the somatic embryogenesis response in cotton. Plant Cell Rep 8:133–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turhan H (2004) The effect of silver nitrate (ethylene inhibitor) on in vitro shoot development in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Biotechnology 3:72–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Zhan F, Gao X, Gao F, Zou XS, Wang M, Hui Y, Wang L (2012) Regeneration of Clivia miniata and assessment of clonal fidelity of plantlets. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 109:191–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu J, Ruan Q, Lam HYP (1997) Effects of surface active medium additives on insect cell surface hydrophobicity relating to cell protection against bubble damage. Enzym Microb Technol 21:341–348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu J, Zhang X, Nie Y, Jin S, Liang S (2004) Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from a range of recalcitrant genotypes of Chinese cottons (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 40:371–375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang SF (1985) Biosynthesis and action of ethylene. Hortic Sci 20:41–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang XY, Zhang XL, Fu LL, Min L, Liu GZ (2010) Multiple shoots induction in wild cotton (Gossypium bickii) through organogenesis and the analysis of genetic homogeneity of the regenerated plants. Biologia 65:496–503

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zapata C, Srivatanakul M, Park SH, Lee BM, Salas MG, Smith RH (1999) Improvements in shoot apex regeneration of two fiber crops: cotton and kenaf. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 56:185–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaytseva YG, Poluboyarova TV, Novikova TI (2016) Effects of thidiazuron on in vitro morphogenic response of Rhododendron sichotense Pojark and Rhododendron catawbiense cv. Grandiflorum leaf explants. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 52:56–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India, in the form of a Junior Research Fellowship to G. Prem Kumar and S. Sivakumar, and we are grateful to the Cotton Research Station, TNAU, Tamil Nadu, India, for providing SVPR-2 cotton seeds. Prof. N. Jayabalan, Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, is thankful to the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India, for a UGC-BSR Faculty Fellowship.

Author contributions

GP performed the experiments and drafted the manuscript; SS, GS, and MV helped with experimental analysis and provided valuable advice; and TS and NJ designed the experiments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India

    G. Prem Kumar, S. Sivakumar, G. Siva, M. Vigneswaran & N. Jayabalan

  2. Department of Industry University Collaboration, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India

    T. Senthil Kumar

Authors
  1. G. Prem Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Sivakumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. Siva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Vigneswaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. T. Senthil Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. N. Jayabalan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Prem Kumar.

Additional information

Editor: Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Prem Kumar, G., Sivakumar, S., Siva, G. et al. Silver nitrate promotes high-frequency multiple shoot regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by inhibiting ethylene production and phenolic secretion. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 52, 408–418 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-016-9782-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-016-9782-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation