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Analysis of morphological, ecological and molecular characters of Russula pectinatoides Peck and Russula praetervisa Sarnari, with a description of the new taxon Russula recondita Melera & Ostellari

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Abstract

Fetid Russulas belong to a homogeneous group including species with an unclear taxonomic classification. In particular, the correct interpretation of Russula pectinatoides Peck has remained unresolved, due to the reference collection deposited by C. H. Peck in 1906 consisting of poorly described specimens which were morphologically attributed to at least two different species by subsequent mycologists. Another species considered emblematic is R. praetervisa Sarnari, because it is closely related to R. pectinatoides, from which it was separated on the basis of the morphology of European samples found in Mediterranean habitats. In this paper, we review the interpretation of R. pectinatoides and R. praetervisa according to different authors, and we discuss the taxonomic status of these taxa in the light of molecular analyses carried out on Peck’s reference specimens (n = 3) and 181 samples archived in European and American museums. Sequences of ITS1-5.8S ribosomal RNA-ITS2 regions indicated that R. pectinatoides reference samples deposited by Peck consisted of at least three different species. R. praetervisa was supported as an independent taxon, as it was molecularly distinct from other fetid Russulas. The analysis of museum samples revealed the necessity to describe the species to which in Europe the name R. pectinatoides is commonly applied as a new species, named R. recondita Melera & Ostellari.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to all people and museum curators who kindly provided the specimens of Russula analysed in this study, particularly Felix Hampe (Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium); Ursula Eberhardt (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany); H. Marxmüller (München, Germany); G. Lucchini (Gentilino, Switzerland); U. Pera (Viareggio, Italy); M. A. Pérez-de-Gregorio (Girona, Spain); C. Monedero Garcìa (Bilbao, Spain); J. Kleine (Leipzig, Germany); V. Migliozzi (Roma, Italy); University of Michigan Herbarium, Michigan, USA; Cryptogamic Herbarium, The New York Botanical Garden, New York, USA; Natural History Museum, Mycological Herbarium, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Herbier MPU, Université de Montpellier 2, Institut de Botanique, Montpellier, France; Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department, Chicago, USA; Fongarium of the Cercle des mycologues de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Royal Ontario Museum, Department of Natural History, Toronto, Canada; Department of Plant Pathology and University of Florida Herbarium, Gainesville, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA (with special thanks to B. P. Looney); Davis and Elkins College Herbarium, Elkins, USA; Ada Hayden Herbarium, Iowa State University, Ames, USA; Royal Botanic Gardens Herbarium, Kew, UK; University of Minnesota Herbarium, Bell Museum of Natural History, St. Paul Minnesota, USA; Mycology Herbarium, New York State Museum, Albany, USA. We also thank Annapaola Caminada and Nadia Ruggeri-Bernardi (Laboratory of applied microbiology, Bellinzona, Switzerland) for their assistance in the molecular analyses and Marie-Louise Chappuis (Université de Genève, Unité de microbiologie, Geneva, Switzerland) for the SEM pictures. We are also grateful to Claudia Abate for her help in the English editing of the manuscript. This research was partially financed by the BNF qualification program, Bern University, Switzerland.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Int i Gruss 6, 6702, Claro, Switzerland

    Sacha Melera

  2. Via Brennero 1, 20811, Cesano Maderno, Italy

    Carlo Ostellari

  3. Museo Cantonale di Storia Naturale, Viale Carlo Cattaneo 4, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland

    Neria Roemer

  4. Department of Biology, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN, 46408, USA

    Peter G. Avis

  5. Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Via Mirasole 22a, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland

    Mauro Tonolla & Barbara Narduzzi-Wicht

  6. Unité de Microbiologie, Université de Genève, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland

    François Barja

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  1. Sacha Melera
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  2. Carlo Ostellari
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  3. Neria Roemer
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  4. Peter G. Avis
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  7. Barbara Narduzzi-Wicht
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Correspondence to Barbara Narduzzi-Wicht.

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Melera, S., Ostellari, C., Roemer, N. et al. Analysis of morphological, ecological and molecular characters of Russula pectinatoides Peck and Russula praetervisa Sarnari, with a description of the new taxon Russula recondita Melera & Ostellari. Mycol Progress 16, 117–134 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1256-y

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