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Three new genera of fungi from extremely acidic soils

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Abstract

Extremely acidic soils (pH < 3) harbour poorly diversified mycobiota that are very different from less acidic habitats. During investigations of the mycobiota from several highly acidic soils in the Czech Republic and a coastal site in the Antarctic Peninsula, a group of hyaline fungal isolates was obtained. Based on phenotype and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences (ITS region, SSU, LSU), the isolates belonged to three phylogenetic lineages within two different classes, Sordariomycetes and Leotiomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota). The first lineage is described here as a new genus and species Acidothrix acidophila gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Amplistromataceae, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). The most closely related species to this new clade are wood-inhabiting fungi. The isolates belonging to the second and the third lineages are also described as two new genera and species Acidea extrema gen. nov. et sp. nov. and Soosiella minima gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Helotiales, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota). Their position and the relationships within Helotiales are discussed. Soosiella minima was acidotolerant, Acidothrix acidophila and Acidea extrema exhibited both acidotolerant and acidophilic characteristics. All the species were slightly halophilic. The adaptation of hyaline fungi from mesophilic lineages to highly acidic environments has been revealed. The association between highly acidic and Antarctic habitats is discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Grant Agency of the Charles University in Prague (project No. 63009), by Czech Institutional Research Concept (No. AV0Z5020903), and by the institutional resources of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. We thank the staff of Soos National Natural Reserve and Sedlecky kaolin a. s. for the permission to sample. We are grateful to Ota Rauch for the selection of localities and Radek Pelc for technical assistance. Research in Antarctica was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. 0537143 to RAB. We would like to thank the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and the crew of the HMS Endurance for facilitating travel to sites on the Antarctic Peninsula and Dr. Brett Arenz for his work to collect isolates on Snow Hill Island. The senior author also acknowledges the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) at the University of Pretoria, South Africa, for support during a sabbatical visit to the Institute.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    Martina Hujslová & Alena Kubátová

  2. Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic

    Martina Hujslová, Martin Kostovčík, Milada Chudíčková & Miroslav Kolařík

  3. Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, CZ-128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    Martin Kostovčík

  4. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA

    Robert A. Blanchette

  5. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa

    Z. Wilhelm de Beer

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  1. Martina Hujslová
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  2. Alena Kubátová
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  7. Miroslav Kolařík
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Correspondence to Martina Hujslová.

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Hujslová, M., Kubátová, A., Kostovčík, M. et al. Three new genera of fungi from extremely acidic soils. Mycol Progress 13, 819–831 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-014-0965-3

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