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Spatial variation in annual actual evapotranspiration of terrestrial ecosystems in China: Results from eddy covariance measurements

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Abstract

Understanding the spatial variation in annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) and its influencing factors is crucial for a better understanding of hydrological processes and water resources management. By synthesizing ecosystem-level observations of eddy-covariance flux sites in China (a total of 61 sites), we constructed the most complete AET dataset in China up to now. Based on this dataset, we quantified the statistic characteristics of AET and water budgets (defined as the ratio of AET to annual mean precipitation (MAP), AET/MAP) of terrestrial ecosystems in China. Results showed that AET differed significantly among both different vegetation types and climate types in China, with overall mean AET of 534.7±232.8 mm yr-1. AET/MAP also differed significantly among different climate types, but there were no distinct differences in AET/MAP values across vegetation types, with mean AET/MAP of 0.82±0.28 for non-irrigated ecosystems. We further investigated how the main climatic factors and vegetation attributes control the spatial variation in AET. Our findings revealed that the spatial variation of AET in China was closely correlated with the geographical patterns of climate and vegetation, in which the effects of total annual net radiation (R n), MAP and mean annual air temperature (MAT) were dominant. Thus, we proposed an empirical equation to describe the spatial patterns of AET in China, which could explain about 84% of the spatial variation in AET of terrestrial ecosystems in China. Based on the constructed dataset, we also evaluated the uncertainties of five published global evapotranspiration products in simulating site-specific AET in China. Results showed that large biases in site-specific AET values existed for all five global evapotranspiration products, which indicated that it is necessary to involve more observation data of China in their parameterization or validation, while our AET dataset would provide a data source for it.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China

    Han Zheng, Guirui Yu, Qiufeng Wang, Xianjin Zhu, Honglin He, Fenghua Zhao, Peili Shi & Huimin Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi’an, 710061, China

    Han Zheng

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Han Zheng & Yanfen Wang

  4. Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS, Shenyang, 110016, China

    Junhui Zhang

  5. Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining, 810001, China

    Yingnian Li & Liang Zhao

  6. South China Botanical Garden, CAS, Guangzhou, 510650, China

    Junhua Yan

  7. Key Lab of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, CAS, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China

    Yiping Zhang

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  1. Han Zheng
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  2. Guirui Yu
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  13. Junhua Yan
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Correspondence to Guirui Yu.

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Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.31290221, No.31420103917

Zheng Han (1988–), PhD, specialized in ecosystem ecology.

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Zheng, H., Yu, G., Wang, Q. et al. Spatial variation in annual actual evapotranspiration of terrestrial ecosystems in China: Results from eddy covariance measurements. J. Geogr. Sci. 26, 1391–1411 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-016-1334-8

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