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Effect of linear alkylbenzene mixtures and sanitary sewage in biochemical and molecular responses in pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

  • Molecular and cellular effects of contamination in aquatic ecosystems
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Abstract

Urban effluents are rich in nutrients, organic matter, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, hydrocarbons, surfactants, and others. Previous studies have shown that oysters Crassostrea gigas accumulate significant levels of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in sanitary sewage contaminated sites, but there is little information about its toxicological effects in marine bivalves. The aim of this study was to analyze the transcription of genes in two tissues of C. gigas exposed for 12, 24, and 36 h to LABs or sanitary sewage. Likewise, the activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes was measured in oysters exposed for 36 h in all groups. Oysters exposed to LABs and oysters exposed to sanitary sewage showed different patterns of transcriptional responses. LAB-exposed oysters showed lower level of biological responses than the oysters exposed to sanitary sewage. Despite the ability of the oyster C. gigas to accumulate LABs (28-fold), the data indicate that these contaminants are not the cause for the transcriptional responses observed in oysters exposed to sanitary sewage. Possibly, the biological changes observed in the sanitary sewage-exposed oysters are associated with the presence of other contaminants, which might have caused synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects. The results show that FABP-like and GST-ω-like messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have a rapid response in tissues of oyster C. gigas exposed to sanitary sewage, suggesting a possible protective response and a role in maintaining homeostasis of these organisms.

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Acknowledgments

During this work, FFN received a PhD fellowship CNPq (# 145331/2009-1). The research leading to these results has received funding from the EU project GENERA within the framework of the Marie Curie IRSES Actions (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES—Proposal No. 247559), CNPq (#483028/2012-6), and National Institute of Science and Technology-Aquatic Toxicology (INCT-TA). Analysis of organic contaminants was conducted in partnership with the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (LQO-IO-USP). ACDB, MCB, and CMRM are recipients of CNPq productivity fellowships.

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  1. Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry—LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

    Fabrício Flores-Nunes, Flávia L. Zacchi, Miguel A. S. Serrano, Clei E. Piazza & Afonso C. D. Bainy

  2. Aquaculture Pathology Research Center—NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

    Jacó J. Mattos

  3. Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry—LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Silvio T. Sasaki, Satie Taniguchi & Márcia C. Bicego

  4. Laboratory of Marine Mollusks—LMM, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

    Cláudio M. R. Melo

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Supplementary Table 1

Linear alkylbenzene (LAB) isomers accumulated in tissues of oyster Crassostrea gigas after 36 h of exposure to different experimental conditions (ng.g-1). (DOCX 18 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 2

Biochemical responses of the enzymes analyzed in gill and digestive gland of Crassostrea gigas after 36 h of exposure to treatments. CT: clean sea water control; SEW: sanitary sewage 33 %; SOL: solvent control; LAB: nominal concentration of 40 μg.L-1 mixtures of linear alkylbenzenes (p < 0.05). CAT: catalase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase. (PDF 37 kb)

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Flores-Nunes, F., Mattos, J.J., Zacchi, F.L. et al. Effect of linear alkylbenzene mixtures and sanitary sewage in biochemical and molecular responses in pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas . Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 17386–17396 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4486-7

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