Abstract
The Arctic environment is very vulnerable and sensitive to hydrocarbon pollutants. Soil bioremediation is attracting interest as a promising and cost-effective clean-up and soil decontamination technology in the Arctic regions. However, remoteness, lack of appropriate infrastructure, the harsh climatic conditions in the Arctic and some physical and chemical properties of Arctic soils may reduce the performance and limit the application of this technology. Therefore, understanding the weaknesses and bottlenecks in the treatment plans, identifying their associated hazards, and providing precautionary measures are essential to improve the overall efficiency and performance of a bioremediation strategy. The aim of this paper is to review the bioremediation techniques and strategies using microorganisms for treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated Arctic soils. It takes account of Arctic operational conditions and discusses the factors influencing the performance of a bioremediation treatment plan. Preliminary hazard analysis is used as a technique to identify and assess the hazards that threaten the reliability and maintainability of a bioremediation treatment technology. Some key parameters with regard to the feasibility of the suggested preventive/corrective measures are described as well.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen MR (1999) Bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated Arctic soils. Royal Military College of Canada
AMAP (1998) AMAP assessment report: Arctic pollution issues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP), Oslo
Anjum R, Rahman M, Masood F, Malik A (2012) Bioremediation of pesticides from soil and wastewater. In: Environmental protection strategies for sustainable development. Springer, pp 295–328
Antizar-Ladislao B, Lopez-Real J, Beck AJ (2006) Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in an aged coal-tar-contaminated soil using different in-vessel composting approaches. J Hazard Mater 137(3):1583–1588. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.04.056
Atlas RM (1981) Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: an environmental perspective. Microbiol Rev 45(1):180–209
Balba M, Al-Awadhi N, Al-Daher R (1998) Bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil: microbiological methods for feasibility assessment and field evaluation. J Microbiol Methods 32(2):155–164. doi:10.1016/S0167-7012(98)00020-7
Bhandari A, Surampalli RY, Champagne P, Ong SK, Tyagi RD, Lo IMC (2007) Remediation technologies for soils and groundwater. American Society of Civil Engineers. Reston, USA
Braddock JF, Lindstrom JE, Prince RC (2003) Weathering of a subarctic oil spill over 25 years: the Caribou–Poker Creeks Research Watershed experiment. Cold Reg Sci Technol 36(1–3):11–23. doi:10.1016/S0165-232X(02)00076-9
Braddock JF, McCarthy KA (1996) Hydrologic and microbiological factors affecting persistence and migration of petroleum hydrocarbons spilled in a continuous-permafrost region. Environ Sci Technol 30(8):2626–2633
Børresen M, Rike A (2007) Effects of nutrient content, moisture content and salinity on mineralization of hexadecane in an Arctic soil. Cold Reg Sci Technol 48(2):129–138. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2006.10.006
Chang Z-Z, Weaver RW (1998) Organic bulking agents for enhancing oil bioremediation in soil. Bioremediat J 1(3):173–180
Chemlal R, Tassist A, Drouiche M, Lounici H, Drouiche N, Mameri N (2012) Microbiological aspects study of bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soils by biopile technique. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 75(0):201–206. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.09.011
Cheremisinoff NP, Rosenfeld P (2009) Chapter 4 — Exxon Valdez oil spill. In: Cheremisinoff NP, Rosenfeld P (eds) Handbook of pollution prevention and cleaner production — best practices in the petroleum industry. William Andrew Publishing, Oxford, pp 113–119. doi:10.1016/B978-0-8155-2035-1.10004-1
Colla TS, Andreazza R, Bücker F, de Souza MM, Tramontini L, Prado GR, Frazzon APG, de Oliveira Camargo FA, Bento FM (2013) Bioremediation assessment of diesel–biodiesel-contaminated soil using an alternative bioaugmentation strategy. Environ Sci Pollut Res: 1–11. doi:10.1007/s11356-013-2139-2
Couto N, Fritt-Rasmussen J, Jensen PE, Højrup M, Rodrigo AP, Ribeiro AB (2014) Suitability of oil bioremediation in an Artic soil using surplus heating from an incineration facility. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi:10.1007/s11356-013-2466-3
Dejonghe W, Boon N, Seghers D, Top EM, Verstraete W (2001) Bioaugmentation of soils by increasing microbial richness: missing links. Environ Microbiol 3(10):649–657. doi:10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00236.x
EPA (2004) How To Evaluate Alternative Cleanup Technologies for Underground Storage Tank Sites: A Guide for Corrective Action Plan Reviewers (EPA 510-R-04-002). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC
EPA (2006) Engineering Forum Issue Paper — In Situ Treatment Technologies for Contaminated Soil. US Environmental Protection Agency
Evans MS, Muir D, Lockhart WL, Stern G, Ryan M, Roach P (2005) Persistent organic pollutants and metals in the freshwater biota of the Canadian Subarctic and Arctic: an overview. Sci Total Environ 351:94–147
Evdokimova G, Masloboev V, Mozgova N, Myazin V, Fokina N (2012) Bioremediation of oil-polluted cultivated soils in the Euro-Arctic Region. J Environ Sci Eng 1(9A):1130–1136
Fernández-Luqueño F, Valenzuela-Encinas C, Marsch R, Martínez-Suárez C, Vázquez-Núñez E, Dendooven L (2011) Microbial communities to mitigate contamination of PAHs in soil—possibilities and challenges: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18(1):12–30. doi:10.1007/s11356-010-0371-6
Filler D, Reynolds C, Snape I, Daugulis A, Barnes D, Williams P (2006) Advances in engineered remediation for use in the Arctic and Antarctica. Polar Rec 42(221):111–120. doi:10.1017/S003224740500505X
Filler DM, Barnes DL, Johnson RA, Snape I (2008) Chapter 10 — Thermally enhanced bioremediation and integrated systems. In: Filler DM, Snape I, Barnes DL (eds) Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in cold regions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Filler DM, Lindstrom JE, Braddock JF, Johnson RA, Nickalaski R (2001) Integral biopile components for successful bioremediation in the Arctic. Cold Reg Sci Technol 32(2):143–156. doi:10.1016/S0165-232X(01)00020-9
Fingas M (2011) Chapter 8 — Introduction to spill modeling. In: Mervin F (ed) Oil spill science and technology. Gulf Professional Publishing, Boston, pp 187–200. doi:10.1016/B978-1-85617-943-0.10008-5
Finnerty WR (1994) Biosurfactants in environmental biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 5(3):291–295. doi:10.1016/0958-1669(94)90031-0
Franzetti A, Di Gennaro P, Bestetti G, Lasagni M, Pitea D, Collina E (2008) Selection of surfactants for enhancing diesel hydrocarbons-contaminated media bioremediation. J Hazard Mater 152(3):1309–1316
Glossop M, Ioannides A, Gould J (2000) Review of hazard identification techniques. Health and Safety Laboratory, Sheffield
Government of Canada (1994) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Government of Canada, Environment Canda, Otawa
Greenwood PF, Wibrow S, George SJ, Tibbett M (2009) Hydrocarbon biodegradation and soil microbial community response to repeated oil exposure. Org Geochem 40(3):293–300. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.12.009
Grommen R, Verstraete W (2002) Environmental biotechnology: the ongoing quest. J Biotechnol 98(1):113–123. doi:10.1016/S0168-1656(02)00090-1
Hodges DA, Simmers RJ (2006) Bioremediation of crude oil spills: a non-technical field guide. Ohio Department of Natural Resources
IARC (1989) Occupational Exposures in Petroleum Refining; Crude Oil and Major Petroleum Fuels, vol 45. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC)
IEC 60050–191 (1990) International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) — Chapter 191: Dependability and Quality of Service. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva
ISO (2009) ISO 31000: Risk management — principles and guidelines. ISO, Geneva
Johnson TA, Sims GK, Ellsworth TR, Ballance AR (1999) Effects of moisture and sorption on bioavailability of p-hydroxybenzoic acid to Arthrobacter sp. in soil. Microbiol Res 153(4):349–353. doi:10.1016/S0944-5013(99)80049-4
Joo HS, Ndegwa PM, Shoda M, Phae CG (2008) Bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil using Candida catenulata and food waste. Environ Pollut 156(3):891–896. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.026
Kavianian HR, Rao J, Brown G (1992) Application of hazard evaluation techniques to the design of potentially hazardous industrial chemical processes. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupatonal Safety and Health, Division of Training and Manpower Development
Kulkarni S, Palande A, Deshpande M (2012) Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils. In: Satyanarayana T, Johri BN (eds) Microorganisms in environmental management. Springer, pp 589–606. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2229-3_26
Liu X, Sun J, Mao G, Dai C, Li C, Zhu Q, Li Y (2006) Advances on bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil in cold region. Chin J Geochem 25:96–97. doi:10.1007/BF02839923
Lombi E, Hamon RE (2005) Remediation of Polluted Soils. In: Hillel D (ed) Encyclopedia of soils in the environment. Elsevier, pp 379–385. doi:10.1016/B0-12-348530-4/00087-4
Lors C, Damidot D, Ponge J-F, Périé F (2012) Comparison of a bioremediation process of PAHs in a PAH-contaminated soil at field and laboratory scales. Environ Pollut 165:11–17. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.02.004
Lors C, Ryngaert A, Périé F, Ludo Diels L, Damidot D (2010) Evolution of bacterial community during bioremediation of PAHs in a coal tar contaminated soil. Chemosphere 81:1263–1271
Mannan S (2012) Chapter 8 — Hazard identification. In: Mannan S (ed) Lees' loss prevention in the process industries, 4th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp 204–283. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-397189-0.00008-2
Margesin R (2000) Potential of cold-adapted microorganisms for bioremediation of oil-polluted Alpine soils. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 46(1):3–10. doi:10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00049-4
Margesin R (2014) Bioremediation and biodegradation of hydrocarbons by cold-adapted yeasts. In: Buzzini P, Margesin R (eds) Cold-adapted yeasts. Springer, pp 465–480. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39681-6_21
Margesin R, Schinner F (1999) Biological decontamination of oil spills in cold environments. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 74(5):381–389. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199905)74:5<381::AID-JCTB59>3.0.CO;2-0
Margesin R, Schinner F (2001) Biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons in extreme environments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56(5–6):650–663. doi:10.1007/s002530100701
Masloboev V, Evdokimova G (2012) Bioremediation of oil product contaminated soils in conditions of North Near-Polar Area. Proc MSTU 15(2):357–360
McCain WD (1990) The properties of petroleum fluids. PennWell Books, Tulsa
McCarthy K, Walker L, Vigoren L, Bartel J (2004) Remediation of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons by in situ landfarming at an arctic site. Cold Reg Sci Technol 40(1):31–39. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2004.05.001
Mohn WW, Stewart GR (2000) Limiting factors for hydrocarbon biodegradation at low temperature in Arctic soils. Soil Biol Biochem 32(8):1161–1172. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00032-8
Mrozik A, Piotrowaska-Seget Z, Labuzek S (2003) Bacterial degradation and bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Pol J Environ Stud 12(1):15–25
NORSOK (2010) NORSOK Standard Z-013 — Risk and emergency preparedness assessment. Standards Norway (NORSOK), Lysaker
Paudyn K, Rutter A, Kerry Rowe R, Poland JS (2008) Remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils in the Canadian Arctic by landfarming. Cold Reg Sci Technol 53(1):102–114. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.07.006
Pelletier E, Delille D, Delille B (2004) Crude oil bioremediation in sub-Antarctic intertidal sediments: chemistry and toxicity of oiled residues. Mar Environ Res 57(4):311–327. doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2003.07.001
Prince RC, Owens EH, Sergy GA (2002) Weathering of an Arctic oil spill over 20 years: the BIOS experiment revisited. Mar Pollut Bull 44(11):1236–1242. doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00214-X
Reddy RN (2010) Soil engineering: testing, design, and remediation. Global Media, Delhi
Rike A, Børresen M, Instanes A (2001) Response of cold-adapted microbial populations in a permafrost profile to hydrocarbon contaminants. Polar Rec 37(202):239–248. doi:10.1017/S0032247400027261
Sainsbury D, Singleton P (2006) Dictionary of microbiology and molecular biology, 3rd edn. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
Sanscartier D, Zeeb B, Koch I, Reimer K (2009) Bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil by heated and humidified biopile system in cold climates. Cold Reg Sci Technol 55(1):167–173. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2008.07.004
Semple KT, Reid BJ, Fermor TR (2001) Impact of composting strategies on the treatment of soils contaminated with organic pollutants. Environ Pollut 112(2):269–283. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00099-3
Seo Y, Lee W-H, Sorial G, Bishop PL (2009) The application of a mulch biofilm barrier for surfactant enhanced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioremediation. Environ Pollut 157(1):95–101. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.07.022
Singh A, Kuhad RC, Ward OP (2009) Chapter 1 — Biological remediation of soil: an overview of global market and available technologies. In: Singh A, Kuhad RC, Ward OP (eds) Advances in applied bioremediation. vol 17. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-89621-0_1
Singh A, Ward OP, Kuhad RC (2005) Feasibility studies for microbial remediation hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. In: Margesin R, Schinner F (eds) Manual for soil analysis – monitoring and assessing soil bioremediation. Springer
Sood N, Patle S, Lal B (2010) Bioremediation of acidic oily sludge-contaminated soil by the novel yeast strain Candida digboiensis TERI ASN6. Environ Sci Pollut Res 17(3):603–610. doi:10.1007/s11356-009-0239-9
Speight JG (2011) Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7506-8632-7.10020-9
Speight JG, Arjoon KK (2012) Bioremediation of petroleum and petroleum products. John Wiley & Sons
Suthersan S (1999) In situ bioremediation. Remediation engineering: desing concepts. Ed Suthan S Suthersan. Boca Raton, FL: CRC: Press LLC
Sutton I (2010) Chapter 3 — Hazards identification. In: Sutton I (ed) Process risk and reliability Management. William Andrew Publishing, Oxford, pp 79–190. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4377-7805-2.10003-1
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1999) Engineering and design — lubricants and hydraulic fluids — Manual EM 1110-2-1424. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington DC
Van Hamme JD, Urban J (2009) Biosurfactants in bioremediation. In: Kuhad RC, Ward OP (eds) Singh A. Advances in applied bioremediation, Springer, pp 73–89
Vidali M (2001) Bioremediation. An Overview Pure Appl Chem 73(7):1163–1172
Vogel TM (1996) Bioaugmentation as a soil bioremediation approach. Curr Opin Biotechnol 7(3):311–316
Walworth J, Braddock J, Woolard C (2001) Nutrient and temperature interactions in bioremediation of cryic soils. Cold Reg Sci Technol 32(2–3):85–91. doi:10.1016/S0165-232X(00)00020-3
Walworth J, Pond A, Snape I, Rayner J, Ferguson S, Harvey P (2007) Nitrogen requirements for maximizing petroleum bioremediation in a sub-Antarctic soil. Cold Reg Sci Technol 48(2):84–91. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2006.07.001
Walworth JL, Reynolds CM, Rutter A, Snape I (2008) Chapter 9 — Landfarming. In: Filler DM, Snape I, Barnes DL (eds) Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in cold regions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Wania F (1999) On the origin of elevated levels of persistent chemicals in the environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 6(1):11–19
Whyte LG, Bourbonnière L, Bellerose C, Greer CW (1999) Bioremediation assessment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils from the high Arctic. Bioremediation J 3(1):69–80. doi:10.1080/10889869991219217
Whyte LG, Hawari J, Zhou E, Bourbonnière L, Inniss WE, Greer CW (1998) Biodegradation of variable-chain-length alkanes at low temperatures by a psychrotrophic Rhodococcus sp. Appl Environ Microbiol 64(7):2578–2584
WWF (2007) Oil spill responce challenges in the Arctic. WWF International Arctic Programme, Oslo
Yang S-Z, Jin H-J, Wei Z, He R-X, Ji Y-J, Li X-M, Yu S-P (2009) Bioremediation of oil spills in cold environments: a review. Pedosphere 19(3):371–381
Zheng Z, Obbard JP (2001) Effect of non‐ionic surfactants on elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil‐slurry by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 76(4):423–429. doi:10.1002/jctb.396
Zoller U, Reznik A (2006) In-situ surfactant/surfactant-nutrient mix-enhanced bioremediation of NAPL (fuel)-contaminated sandy soil aquifers. Environ Sci Pollut Res 13(6):392–397
Zytner R, Salb A, Brook T, Leunissen M, Stiver W (2001) Bioremediation of diesel fuel contaminated soil. Can J Civil Eng 28(S1):131–140
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Ester Heath
Appendix
Appendix
Complete list of hazards, divided in five categories as well as their effects on the system and the mechanisms through which those effects are expected are presented in Table A2. The rightmost column suggests a number of preventive/corrective measures, by which the corresponding hazards can be tackled and mitigated accordingly.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Naseri, M., Barabadi, A. & Barabady, J. Bioremediation treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated Arctic soils: influencing parameters. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 11250–11265 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3122-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3122-2