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A laboratory-incubated redox oscillation experiment to investigate Hg fluxes from highly contaminated coastal marine sediments (Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea)

  • Heavy Metals in the Environment : Sources, Interactions and Human Health
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Abstract

Mercury (Hg) mobility at the sediment–water interface was investigated during a laboratory incubation experiment conducted with highly contaminated sediments (13 μg g-1) of the Gulf of Trieste. Undisturbed sediment was collected in front of the Isonzo River mouth, which inflows Hg-rich suspended material originating from the Idrija (NW Slovenia) mining district. Since hypoxic and anoxic conditions at the bottom are frequently observed and can influence the Hg biogeochemical behavior, a redox oscillation was simulated in the laboratory, at in situ temperature, using a dark flux chamber. Temporal variations of several parameters were monitored simultaneously: dissolved Hg (DHg) and methylmercury (MeHg), O2, NH4 +, NO3 - + NO2 -, PO4 3-, H2S, dissolved Mn2+, dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC). Under anoxic conditions, both Hg (665 ng m2 day-1) and MeHg (550 ng m2 day-1) fluxed from sediments into the water column, whereas re-oxygenation caused concentrations of MeHg and Hg to rapidly drop, probably due to re-adsorption onto Fe/Mn-oxyhydroxides and enhanced demethylation processes. Hence, during anoxic events, sediments of the Gulf of Trieste may be considered as an important source of DHg species for the water column. On the contrary, re-oxygenation of the bottom compartment mitigates Hg and MeHg release from the sediment, thus acting as a natural “defence” from possible interaction between the metal and the aquatic organisms.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Michele Giani and Cinzia De Vittor of OGS Trieste for H2S and DIC analyses, Daniela Berto of ISPRA Chioggia for DOC analyses, and Brenda Lasorsa of Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory Sequim, WA for DMeHg analyses. Luis Carrasco kindly acknowledges a predoctoral fellowship (programa I3P) from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Spain).

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Author notes

  1. L. Carrasco

    Present address: International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Environment Laboratories, Marine Environmental Studies Laboratory, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC, 98000, Monaco, Monaco

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics and Geoscience, University of Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, Italy

    A. Emili & S. Covelli

  2. Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain

    L. Carrasco

  3. ARPA FVG, Environmental Protection Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Via Cairoli 14, 33057, Palmanova, Udine, Italy

    A. Acquavita

Authors
  1. A. Emili
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  2. L. Carrasco
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  4. S. Covelli
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Correspondence to A. Emili.

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Responsible editor: Vera Slaveykova

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Emili, A., Carrasco, L., Acquavita, A. et al. A laboratory-incubated redox oscillation experiment to investigate Hg fluxes from highly contaminated coastal marine sediments (Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea). Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 4124–4133 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2225-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2225-5

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