Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acute effect of resistance training without recovery intervals on the blood pressure of comorbidity-free elderly women: a pilot study

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Sport Sciences for Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

It is well documented that post-exercise hypotension (PEH) is found both in people with borderline hypertension and in hypertensive subjects. However, PEH in normotensive individuals remains poorly understood. This study aims at analyzing the potential acute effect of a resistance training session without recovery intervals between sets and exercises in the blood pressure (BP) in normotensive elderly. We evaluated 6 elderly women with a mean age of 65 ± 3 years who had no previous history of hypertension or any cardiovascular disease. They underwent a resistance training session consisting of 3 sets of 8 maximum repetitions without recovery intervals between the sets. We measured their BP before, right after and 20 min after resistance training.

Results

There was a significant difference (p value = 0.0464) between systolic BP before the training session (mean 126.50 ± 7.34 mmHg) and 20 min after it (mean 110.16 ± 10.90 mmHg). There was no significant difference between systolic BP before the training and right after the training (mean 126.50 ± 7.34 mmHg vs. mean 129.33 ± 10.17 mmHg, p value > 0.05). We observed a significant difference between diastolic BP right after the training (mean 66.66 ± 9.09 mmHg), p value = 0.0277 and 20 min after it (mean 66.66 ± 8.93 mmHg), p value = 0.0273 when compared to the initial values (mean 71.5 ± 10.70 mmHg).

Conclusions

These findings show that there was an acute reduction in BP in the population investigated after the resistance exercise without any recovery interval.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Giattii L, Barreto SM (2003) Saúde, trabalho e envelhecimento no Brasil. CadSaude Publica 19(3):759–771

    Google Scholar 

  2. Pugh KG, Wei JY (2001) Clinical implications of physiological changes in the aging heart. Drugs Aging 18(4):263–276

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Cheitlin MD (2003) Cardiovascular physiology-changes with aging. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 12(1):9–13

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Melo RC et al (2005) Effects of age and physical activity on the autonomic control of heart rate in healthy men. Braz J Med Biol Res 39(9):1331–1338

    Google Scholar 

  5. Mostarda CT, Wichi R, Sanches IC, Rodrigues B, Angelis K, Irigoyen MC (2009) Hipertensão e modulação autonômica no idoso: papel do exercício físico. Rev Bras Hipertens 16(1):55–60

    Google Scholar 

  6. Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD et al (2008) Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation 117(25):e510–e526

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Muxfeldt ES, Bloch KV, Nogueira AR, Salles GF (2003) Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring pattern of resistant hypertension. Blood Press Monit 8(5):181–185

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Blumenthal JA et al (2000) Exercise and weight loss reduce blood pressure in men and women with mild hypertension: effects on cardiovascular, metabolic, and hemodynamic functioning. Arch Intern Med 10(160):1947–1958

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Miller ER et al (2002) Results of the diet, exercise, and weight loss intervention trial (DEW-IT). Hypertension 40:612–618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Pinto A et al (2006) Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to evaluate effects on blood pressure of physical activity in hypertensive patients. Clin J Sport Med 16:238–243

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Carvalho PRC et al (2013) Efeito dos treinamentos aeróbio, resistido e concorrente na pressão arterial e morfologia de idosos normotensos e hipertensos. Rev Bras Ativ Fis Saúde Pelotas/RS 18(3):363–364

    Google Scholar 

  12. Krinsk K, Elsangedy HM, Nardo Junior N, Soares IA (2006) Efeito do exercício aeróbio e resistido no perfil antropométrico e respostas cardiovasculares de idosos portadores de hipertensão. Maringá 28(1):71–75

    Google Scholar 

  13. Stewart KJ (2005) Effect of exercise on blood pressure in older persons—a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 165:756–762

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Terra DF et al (2008) Reduction of arterial pressure and double product at rest after resistance exercise training in elderly hypertensive women. Arq Bras Cardiol 91(5):274–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Cononie CC, Graves JE, Pollock ML, Phillips MI, Sumners C, Hagberg JM (1991) Effect of exercise training on blood pressure in 70- to 79-yr-old men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 23(4):505–511

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Van Hoof R, Macor F, Lijnen P, Staessen J, Thijs L, Vanhees L et al (1996) Effect of strength training on blood pressure measured in various conditions in sedentary men. Int J Sports Med 17:415–422

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Blumenthal JA, Siegel WC, Appelbaum M (1991) Failure of exercise to reduce blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension. Results of a randomized controlled trial. Jama 266:2098–2104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Dunstan DW, Daly RM, Owen N, Jolley D, De Courten M, Shaw J et al (2002) Highintensity resistance training improves glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 25(10):1729–1736

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Wood RH, Reyes R, Welsch MA, Favaloro-Sabatier J, Sabatier M, Matthew Lee C et al (2001) Concurrent cardiovascular and resistance training in healthy older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33(10):1751–1758

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Delmonico MJ, Ferrell RE, Meerasahib A, Martel GF, Roth SM, Kostek MC et al (2005) Blood pressure response to strength training may be influenced by angiotensinogen A-20C and angiotensin II type I receptor A1166C genotypes in older men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(2):204–210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Pescatello LS, Franklin BA, Fagard R, Farquhar WB, Kelley GA, Ray CA (2004) American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:533–553

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. MacDonald JR (2002) Potential causes, mechanisms, and implications of post exercise hypotension. J Hum Hypertens 16:225–236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Floras JS, Sinkey CA, Aylward PE, Seals DR, Thoren PN, Mark AL (1989) Post exercise hypotension and sympathoinhibition in borderline hypertensive men. Hypertension 14(1):28–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. MacDonald JR, MacDougal JD, Hogben CD (2000) The effects of exercise duration on post-exercise hypotension. J Hum Hypertens 14:125–129

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hagberg JM, Montain SJ, Martin WH 3rd (1987) Blood pressure and hemodynamic responses after exercise in older hypertensives. J Appl Physiol 63:270–276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Rueckert PA, Slane PR, Lillis DL, Hanson P (1996) Hemodynamic patterns and duration of post-dynamic exercise hypotension in hypertensive humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28:24–32

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Fisher MM (2001) The effect of resistance on recovery blood pressure in normotensive and borderline hypertensive women. J Strength Cond Resp 15(2):120–126

    Google Scholar 

  28. Lizardo JHF, Simões HG (2005) Efeitos de diferentes sessões de exercícios resistidos sobre a hipotensão pós-exercício. Rev Bras Fisioter 9(3):289–295

    Google Scholar 

  29. Cavalcante PA, Rica RL, Evangelista AL, Serra AJ, Figueira A Jr, Pontes FL Jr et al (2015) Effects of exercise intensity on postexercise hypotension after resistance training session in overweight hypertensive patients. Clin Interv Aging 18(10):1487–1495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Hardy DO, Tucker LA (1999) The effects of a single bout of strength training on ambulatory blood pressure levels in 24 mildly hypertensive men. Am J Health Promot 13:69–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Maior AS, Santos FG, Freitas JGP, Pessin AC, Figueiredo T, Dias I, Salles BF, Menezes P, Simão R (2009) Efeito Hipotensivo do Treinamento de Força em Séries Contínuas e Fracionadas. Rev SOCERJ 22(3):151–157

    Google Scholar 

  32. Mutti LC, Simão R, Dias I, Figueiredo T, Salles BF (2010) Efeito Hipotensivo do Treinamento de Força em Homens Idosos. Rev Bras Cardiol 23(2):111–115

    Google Scholar 

  33. Brito AF, Oliveira CVC, Santos MSB, Santos AC (2014) Resistance exercise with different volumes: blood pressure response and forearm blood flow in the hypertensive elderly. Clin Interv Aging 9:2151–2158

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Asmar R, Khabouth J, Topouchian, El Feghali R, Mattar J (2010) Validation of three automatic devices for self-measurement of blood pressure according to the International Protocol: the Omron M3 Intellisense (HEM-7051-E), the Omron M2 Compact (HEM 7102-E), and the Omron R3-I Plus (HEM 6022-E). Blood Press Monit 15(1):49–54

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Eguchi K, Kuruvilla S, Ogedegbe G, Gerin W, Schwartz JE, Pickering TG (2009) What is the optimal interval between successive home blood pressure readings using an automated oscillometric device? J Hypertens 27(6):1172–1177

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Lukaski HC (1999) Requirements for clinical use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Ann N Y Acad Sci 20(873):72–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. American College of Sports Medicine (2007) Diretrizes do ACSM para os Testes de Esforço e sua Prescrição, 7 edn. Editora Guanabara Koogan

  38. Bompa TO, Haff GG (2012) Periodização: Teoria e Metodologia do Treinamento. Editora Phorte

  39. Cornelissen VA, Smart NA (2013) Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2:e004473

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Roltsch MH, Mendes T, Wilund KR, Hagberg JM (2001) Acute resistive exercise does not affect ambulatory blood pressure in young men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33(6):881–886

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. O’Connor PJ, Bryant CX, Veltri JP, Gebhardt SM (1993) State anxiety and ambulatory blood pressure following resistance exercise in females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 25(4):516–521

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Hagerman FC, Walsh SJ, Staron RS, Hikida RS, Gilders RM, Murray TF et al (2000) Effects of high-intensity resistance training on untrained older men. I. Strength, cardiovascular, and metabolic responses. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 55(7):B336–B346

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Haykowsky M, Humen D, Teo K, Quinney A, Souster M, Bell G et al (2000) Effects of 16 weeks of resistance training on left ventricular morphology and systolic function in healthy men >60 years of age. Am J Cardiol 85(8):1002–1006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Yoshizawa M, Maeda S, Miyaki A, Misono M, Saito Y, Tanabe K et al (2009) Effect of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity resistance training on arterial stiffness: a randomized controlled trial in women aged 32–59. Br J Sports Med 43:615–618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Anton MM, Cortez-Cooper MY, DeVan AE, Neidre DB, Cook JN, Tanaka H (2006) Resistance training increases basal limb blood flow and vascular conductance in aging humans. J Appl Physiol 101(5):1351–1355

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Taylor AC et al (2003) Isometric training lowers resting blood pressure and modulates autonomic control. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35(2):251–256

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Gambassi BB, Almeida FJF, Sauaia BA, Novais TMG, Araujo AER, Chaves LFC et al (2015) Resistance training contributes to variability in heart rate and quality of the sleep in elderly women without comorbidities. JEP Online 18(6):112–123

    Google Scholar 

  48. Goto C, Higashi Y, Kimura M, Noma K, Hara K, Nakagawa K et al (2003) Effect of different intensities of exercise on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans: role of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide and oxidative stress. Circulation 108(5):530–535

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the volunteers who participated in this study. Bruno Rodrigues received grants from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientıfico e Tecnológico (BPQ-CNPq).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Physical Education (FEF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701. Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13.083-851, Brazil

    Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi & Bruno Rodrigues

  2. Physical Education Department, Ceuma University, São Luis, MA, Brazil

    Fabiano de Jesus Furtado Almeida, Samir Seguins Sotão, Thiago Matheus da Silva Souza, Luiz Filipe Costa Chaves & Bismarck Ascar Sauaia

  3. Human Performance Research Laboratory, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil

    Paulo Adriano Schwingel

  4. Physical Education Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, MA, Brazil

    Janaína Oliveira Bentivi Pulcherio & Cristiano Teixeira Mostarda

Authors
  1. Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bruno Rodrigues
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fabiano de Jesus Furtado Almeida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Samir Seguins Sotão
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Thiago Matheus da Silva Souza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Luiz Filipe Costa Chaves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Bismarck Ascar Sauaia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Paulo Adriano Schwingel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Janaína Oliveira Bentivi Pulcherio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Cristiano Teixeira Mostarda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Statement of human and animal rights

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gambassi, B.B., Rodrigues, B., de Jesus Furtado Almeida, F. et al. Acute effect of resistance training without recovery intervals on the blood pressure of comorbidity-free elderly women: a pilot study. Sport Sci Health 12, 315–320 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-016-0290-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-016-0290-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation