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Effect of experimental gingivitis induction and erythritol on the salivary metabolome and functional biochemistry of systemically healthy young adults

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Abstract

Introduction

Understanding the changes occurring in the oral ecosystem during development of gingivitis could help improve prevention and treatment strategies for oral health. Erythritol is a non-caloric polyol proposed to have beneficial effects on oral health.

Objectives

To examine the effect of experimental gingivitis and the effect of erythritol on the salivary metabolome and salivary functional biochemistry.

Methods

In a two-week experimental gingivitis challenge intervention study, non-targeted, mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling was performed on saliva samples from 61 healthy adults, collected at five time-points. The effect of erythritol was studied in a randomized, controlled trial setting. Fourteen salivary biochemistry variables were measured with antibody- or enzymatic activity-based assays.

Results

Bacterial amino acid catabolites (cadaverine, N-acetylcadaverine, and α-hydroxyisovalerate) and end-products of bacterial alkali-producing pathways (N-α-acetylornithine and γ-aminobutyrate) increased significantly during the experimental gingivitis. Significant changes were found in a set of 13 salivary metabolite ratios composed of host cell membrane lipids involved in cell signaling, host responses to bacteria, and defense against free radicals. An increase in mevalonate was also observed. There were no significant effects of erythritol. No significant changes were found in functional salivary biochemistry.

Conclusions

The findings underline a dynamic interaction between the host and the oral microbial biofilm during an experimental induction of gingivitis.

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Funding

The project was funded by TI Food and Nutrition, a public–private partnership on precompetitive research in food and nutrition. The public partners are responsible for the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The private partners contributed to the project through regular discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Andrei Prodan, Sultan Imangaliyev, Wim Crielaard & Bart J. F. Keijser

  2. Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Andrei Prodan, Henk S. Brand & Enno C. I. Veerman

  3. MSB Group, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands

    Sultan Imangaliyev, Evgeni Levin & Bart J. F. Keijser

  4. Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Martijn N. A. Rosema

  5. Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Wim Crielaard

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  1. Andrei Prodan
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  2. Sultan Imangaliyev
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Correspondence to Andrei Prodan.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Prodan, A., Imangaliyev, S., Brand, H.S. et al. Effect of experimental gingivitis induction and erythritol on the salivary metabolome and functional biochemistry of systemically healthy young adults. Metabolomics 12, 147 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-016-1096-4

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