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Diversity in the breadfruit complex (Artocarpus, Moraceae): genetic characterization of critical germplasm

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Abstract

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis, Moraceae) is a traditional staple crop in Oceania and has been introduced throughout the tropics. This study examines important germplasm collections of breadfruit and its closest wild relatives and aims to (1) characterize genetic diversity, including identification of unknown and duplicate accessions, (2) evaluate genetic structure and hybridization within the breadfruit complex, and (3) compare utility of microsatellite markers to previously reported amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and isozyme markers in differentiating among cultivars. Data for 19 microsatellite loci were collected for 349 individuals (representing 255 accessions) including breadfruit (A. altilis), two wild relatives (Artocarpus camansi and Artocarpus mariannensis), and putative hybrids (A. altilis × A. mariannensis). Accessions were of mixed ploidy and regional origin, but predominantly from Oceania. Microsatellite loci collectively had a polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.627 and distinguished 197 unique genotypes sorted into 129 different lineages, but a single genotype accounts for 49 % of all triploid breadfruit examined. Triploid hybrids and diploid A. altilis exhibited the highest levels of diversity as measured by allele number and gene diversity. Most accessions (75 %) of unknown origin matched either a known genotype or lineage group in the collection. Putative hybrids all had genetic contributions from A. mariannensis but ranged in the level of genetic contribution from A. altilis. Microsatellite markers were found to be more informative than isozyme markers and slightly less informative, with regard to accession discrimination, than AFLP markers. This set of microsatellite markers and the dataset presented here will be valuable for breadfruit germplasm management and conservation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Breadfruit Institute and the USDA/ARS National Plant Germplasm System for use of plant material, Ian Cole for collecting the samples at Kahanu Garden at NTBG, the Trustees and Fellows of NTBG for their support of the Breadfruit Institute, and two reviewers who provided valuable feedback that improved the manuscript. The research was made possible in part by National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0919119 and support from USDA/ARS and the Chicago Botanic Garden.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Data archiving statement

Information on germplasm materials used in this study are publicly available online through NTBG (http://ntbg.org/breadfruit/database) and the ARS’s GRIN databases (http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/acc/acc_queries.html).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA

    Nyree Zerega & Tyr Wiesner-Hanks

  2. Department of Plant Science, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, 60022, USA

    Nyree Zerega

  3. Breadfruit Institute, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, HI, 96741, USA

    Diane Ragone

  4. Tropical Agriculture Research Station, USDA-ARS, Mayagüez, 00680, Puerto Rico

    Brian Irish

  5. Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, 38776-0350, USA

    Brian Scheffler & Sheron Simpson

  6. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center (PBARC), USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA

    Francis Zee

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  1. Nyree Zerega
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Correspondence to Nyree Zerega.

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Communicated by W. Ratnam

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Zerega, N., Wiesner-Hanks, T., Ragone, D. et al. Diversity in the breadfruit complex (Artocarpus, Moraceae): genetic characterization of critical germplasm. Tree Genetics & Genomes 11, 4 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0824-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0824-z

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