Abstract
This paper is devoted to the problem of particle acceleration in the closest to the Sun Hermean magnetosphere. We discuss few available observations of energetic particles in Mercury environment made by Mariner-10 in 1974–1975 during Mercury flyby’s and by Helios in 1979 upstream of the Hermean bow shock. Typically ions are non-adiabatic in a very dynamic and compact Mercury magnetosphere, so one may expect that particle acceleration will be very effective. However, it works perfectly for electrons, but for ions the scale of magnetosphere is so small that it allows their acceleration only up to 100 keV. We present comparative analysis of the efficiency of various acceleration mechanisms (inductive acceleration, acceleration by the centrifugal impulse force, stochastic acceleration in a turbulent magnetic fields, wave–particle interactions and bow shock energization) in the magnetospheres of the Earth and Mercury. Finally we discuss several points which need to be addressed in a future Hermean missions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T.P. Armstrong, S.M. Krimigis, L.J. Lanzerotti, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 4015 (1975)
D.N. Baker, J.A. Simpson, J.H. Eraker, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 8742 (1986)
D.N. Baker, T.I. Pulkkinen, V. Angelopoulos, W. Baumjohann, R.L. McPherron, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 12975–13010 (1996)
T.M. Bauer, W. Baumjohann, R.A. Treumann, N. Sckopke, H. Lühr, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 9605–9617 (1995)
W. Baumjohann, Phys. Plasmas 9, 3665–3667 (2002)
W. Baumjohann, A. Matsuoka, K.-H. Glassmeier, C.T. Russell, T. Nagai, M. Hoshino, T. Nakagawa, A. Balogh, J.A. Slavin, R. Nakamura, W. Magnes, Adv. Space Res. 38, 604–609 (2006)
T.A. Bida, R.M. Killen, T.H. Morgan, Nature 404, 159 (2000)
A.L. Broadfoot, D.E. Shemanky, S. Kumar, Geophys. Res. Lett. 3, 577 (1976)
J. Büchner, L.M. Zelenyi, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 11821 (1989)
S.P. Christon, S.F. Daly, J.H. Eraker, M.A. Perkins, J.A. Simpson, A.J. Tuzzolino, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 4277–4288 (1979)
S.P. Christon, J.A. Simpson, Astrophys. J. 227, L49–L53 (1979)
S.P. Christon, Icarus 71, 448 (1987)
S.P. Christon, J. Feynman, J.A. Slavin, in Magnetotail Physics, ed. by A.T.Y. Lui (John Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore, 1987), p. 393
F.V. Coroniti, C.F. Kennel, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 2837 (1973)
D.C. Delcourt, J.A. Sauvaud, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 97–108 (1994)
D.C. Delcourt, R.F. Martin, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 23583 (1994)
D. Delcourt, R.F. Martin, F. Alem, Adv. Space Res. 18, 295–298 (1996)
D.C. Delcourt, T.E. Moore, S. Orsini, A. Millilo, J.A. Sauvaud, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 1591 (2002). doi:10.1029/2001GL013829
D.C. Delcourt, S. Grimald, F. Leblanc, J.-J. Berthelier, A. Millilo, A. Mura, S. Orsini, T.E. Moore, Ann. Geophys. 21, 1723 (2003)
D.C. Delcourt, K. Seki, N. Terada, Y. Miyoshi, Ann. Geophys. 23, 3389 (2005)
D. Eichler, Astrophys. J. 229, 419–423 (1979)
J.H. Eraker, J.A. Simpson, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 9973 (1986)
M. Friedman, Phys. Rev. 182(5), 1408–1414 (1969)
A.A. Galeev, Space Sci. Rev. 23, 411–425 (1979)
A.A. Galeev, M.M. Kuznetsova, L.M. Zelenyi, Space Sci. Rev. 44, 1–41 (1986)
K.-H. Glassmeier, N.P. Mager, D.Y. Klimushkin, Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 1928 (2003). doi:10.1029/2003GL017175
G. Gloeckler, J. Geiss, E.C. Roelof, L.A. Fisk, F.M. Ipavich, K.W. Ogilvie, L.J. Lanzerotti, R. von Steiger, B. Wilken, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 17637–17643 (1994)
B.E. Goldstein, S.T. Suess, R.J. Walker, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 5485 (1981)
J.T. Gosling, M.F. Thomsen, S.J. Bame, C.T. Russell, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 10011–10025 (1989)
E.W. Hones Jr., Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Plasmas. Geophysical Monograph, vol. 30, (American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1984)
D.M. Hunten, D.E. Shemansky, T.H. Morgan, in: Mercury (A89-43751, 19-91) (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1988), pp. 562–612
W.-H. Ip, Icarus 71, 441 (1987)
W.-H. Ip, Adv. Space Res. 19(10), 1615 (1997)
R.M. Killen, W.-H. Ip, Rev. Geophys. 37, 361 (1999)
R.M. Killen et al., J. Geophys. Res. 106, 20509 (2001)
E. Kirsch, A.K. Richter, Ann. Geophys. 3, 13–18 (1985)
V.V. Krasnoselskikh, B. Lembege, P. Savoini, V.V. Lobzin, Phys. Plasmas 9, 1192–1209 (2002)
S.M. Krimigis, E.T. Sarris, in: Dynamics of the Magnetosphere (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1980), pp. 599–630
H. Kucharek, E. Möbius, W. Li, C.J. Farrugia, M.A. Popecki, A.B. Galvin, B. Klecker, M. Hilchenbach, P.A. Bochsler, J. Geophys. Res. 108, LIS 15-1 (2003). doi:10.1029/2003JA009938
M.M. Kuznetsova, L.M. Zeleny, in: ESA Proceedings of the Joint Varenna-Abastumani International School and Workshop on Plasma Astrophysics (1986), pp. 137–146
F. Leblanc, D. Delcourt, R.E. Johnson, J. Geophys. Res. 108, 5136 (2003). doi:10.1029/2003JE00215112
S.G. Lucek, A.R. Bell, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 314, 65–74 (2000).
J.G. Luhmann, L.M. Friesen, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 4405–4408 (1979)
J.G. Luhmann, C.T. Russell, N.A. Tsyganenko, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 9113–9120 (1998)
R.F. Martin Jr., J. Geophys. Res. 91, 11985–11992 (1986)
R.L. McPherron, C.T. Russell, M.P. Aubry, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 3131 (1973)
A.V. Milovanov, L.M. Zelenyi, Astrophys. Space Sci. 264, 317–345 (1998)
A.V. Milovanov, L.M. Zelenyi, Phys. Rev. E 64, 052101 (2001)
A.V. Milovanov, L.M. Zelenyi, Adv. Space Res. 30, 2667–2674 (2002)
A. Milillo, P. Wurz, S. Orsini, D. Delcourt, E. Kallio, R.M. Killen, H. Lammer, S. Massetti, A. Mura, S. Barabash, G. Cremonese, I.A. Daglis, E. De Angelis, A.M. Di Lellis, S. Livi, V. Mangano, K. Torkar, Space Sci. Rev. 117, 397 (2005)
E. Moebius, D. Hovestadt, B. Klecker, M. Scholer, G. Gloeckler, Nature 318, 426–429 (1985)
N.F. Ness, K.W. Behannon, R.P. Lepping, Y.C. Whang, K.H. Schatten, Science 185, 151 (1974)
K.W. Ogilvie, J.D. Scudder, V. Vasyliunas, R.E. Hartle, G.L. Siscoe, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 1807 (1977)
M. Oka, T. Tersaswa, H. Noda, Y. Saito, T. Mukai, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (2002a). doi:10.1029/2002GL015111
M. Oka, T. Terasawa, H. Noda, Y. Saito, T. Mukai, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (2002b). doi:10.1029/2001GL014150
M. Oka, T. Terasawa, Y. Seki, M. Fujimoto, Y. Kasaba, H. Kojima, I. Shinohara, H. Matsui, H. Matsumoto, Y. Saito, T. Mukai, Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L24104 (2006). doi:10.1029/2006GL028156
A.E. Potter, T.H. Morgan, Science 229, 651 (1985)
A.E. Potter, R.M. Killen, T.H. Morgan, Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 37, 1165–1172 (2002)
C.T. Russell, D.N. Baker, J.A. Slavin, in Mercury, ed. by F. Vilas, C.R. Chapman, M.S. Matthews (University of Arizona Press, 1988), pp. 514
B.V. Savenkov, L.M. Zelenyi, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 3255 (1996)
N. Shimada, M. Hoshino, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A02105 (2005)
J.A. Simpson, J.H. Eraker, J.E. Lamport, P.H. Walpole, Science 185, 160 (1974)
G.L. Siscoe, L. Christopher, Geophys. Res. Lett. 2, 158 (1975)
G.L. Siscoe, N.F. Ness, C.M. Yeates, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 4359 (1975)
J.A. Slavin, Adv. Space Res. 33, 1859 (2004)
D.F. Smart, M.A. Shea, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 183–190 (1985)
S.I. Syrovatskii, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 19, 163–229 (1981)
T. Terasawa, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 9007 (1981)
T. Terasawa, M. Oka, K. Nakata, K. Keika, M. Nose, R.W. McEntire, Y. Saito, T. Mukai, Adv. Space Res. 37, 1408–1412 (2006)
R.A. Treumann, T. Terasawa, Space Sci. Rev. 99, 135–150 (2001)
Z. Vörös, W. Baumjohann, R. Nakamura, A. Runov, T.L. Zhang, M. Volwerk, H.U. Eichelberger, A. Balogh, T.S. Horbury, K.-H. Glassmeier, B. Klecker, H. Réme, Ann. Geophys. 21, 1955–1964 (2003)
L.M. Zelenyi, A.S. Lipatov, J.G. Lominadze, A.A. Taktakishvili, Planet. Space. Sci. 32, 312–324 (1984)
L.M. Zelenyi, J.G. Lominadze, A.L. Taktakishvili, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 3883 (1990)
L.M. Zelenyi, A.V. Milovanov, Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk (Transl. from Russian) 47(8), 749–788 (2004)
T.-L. Zhang, K. Schwingenschuh, C.T. Russell, Adv. Space Res. 15, 137–140 (1995)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zelenyi, L., Oka, M., Malova, H. et al. Particle Acceleration in Mercury’s Magnetosphere. Space Sci Rev 132, 593–609 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-007-9169-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-007-9169-3