Abstract
After nearly 20 years without any significant changes, the indicators of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) have undergone a major overhaul in the current 2014–2020 programming period. This paper reviews the characteristics of the ERDF indicator system evolution and contextualises the changes. Based on applying a logic model and practical examples, we argue that in spite of the good justification for changes, the new ERDF intervention logic and indicator system did not solve some of the well-known problems and brought new challenges for the ERDF-supported programmes. The main challenges that still remain to be solved are: differing indicator concepts between the European Union funds; inconsistency of the common output indicators; difficulties in establishing a programme’s contribution to results; persistent problems in determining the target values for results; and broad result indicators with indirect link to interventions.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
For example, quantitative and qualitative indicators are used for the EU-financed LIFE programme—LIFE multiannual work programme for 2014–2017, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/about/documents/mawp_annex.pdf (accessed in April 2016).
The Commission highly recommends the use of common indicators and in many cases they are obligatory.
Such indicators are, e.g. ‘employment rate’ and ‘number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion’. The indicators are presented in the EU 2020 Strategy.
For example, the PAs of: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, and the Netherlands. See the Partnership agreements, which are available at: http://ec.europa.eu/contracts_grants/agreements/index_en.htm.
To some extent this was the case in the guidance for the 2000–2006 programming period, see European Commission (2000) The New Programming period 2000–2006: methodological working papers. Working paper 3. Indicators for Monitoring and Evaluation: An indicative methodology.
References
Atkinson, T., et al. (2002). Social indicators, the EU and social inclusion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Barca, F., & McCann, P. (2011). Outcome Indicators and Targets. Towards a New System of Monitoring and Evaluation in EU Cohesion Policy (revised version), High Level Group Reflecting on Future Cohesion Policy, June 2011. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/doc/performance/outcome_indicators_en.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
Candace, M. (Ed.). (2011). Social indicators: Statistics, trends and policy development. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Carley, M. (1980). Rational techniques in policy analysis. London: Heinemann Educational Books.
Castro, M. (2011). Defining and Using Performance Indicators and Targets in Government M&E Systems, PREM notes, Number 12, The World Bank.
Council of the European Union. (1999). Regulation (EC) No. 1260/1999 of 21 June 1999 laying down general provisions on the Structural Funds. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31999R1260. Accessed April 2016.
Council of the European Union. (2006a). Regulation (EC) No. 1083/2006 of 11 July 2006 laying down general provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1260/1999. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32006R1083. Accessed April 2016.
Council of the European Union. (2006b). Regulation (EC) No. 1080/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006 on the European Regional Development Fund and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1783/1999. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32006R1080. Accessed April 2016.
Delorme, P., & Chatelain, O. (2011) Policy Steering—The Role and Use of Performance Measurement Indicators, Aid Delivery Methods Programme. Available at http://www.dochas.ie/Shared/Files/4/Guide_on_Performance_Measurement.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
Department for Communities and Local Government. (2015). European Regional Development Fund. England Operational Programme 2014–2020, version approved by the European Commission. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/453888/England_ERDF_operational_programme_FINAL_140815.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
Earl, S., Carden, F., & Smutylo, T. (2001). Outcome mapping: Building, learning, and reflection into development programs (p. 2001). Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.
ECORYS. (2015). Impact evaluation of the interventions under Operational Programme Regional Development 2007–2013 and their contribution to the implementation of horizontal policies of the EU. Final Report, provided to the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works in June 2015.
ECORYS-FED. (2013). On-going evaluation of Bulgaria–Turkey IPA Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2007—2013. Final report, provided to the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works in October 2013.
ECORYS-Prime-WYG. (2011). Interim Evaluation of Operational Programme ‘Administrative Capacity’. Final report, provided to the Ministry of Finance in December 2011.
European Commission. (2000). The New Programming period 2000–2006: methodological working papers, Working Paper 3. Indicators for monitoring and evaluation: An indicative methodology. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/working/doc/indic_en.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Commission. (2006). The New Programming Period 2007–2013. Indicative guidelines on evaluation methods: Monitoring and evaluation indicators. Working Document No. 2. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/2007/working/wd2indic_082006_en.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Commission. (2010a). Fifth report on economic, social and territorial cohesion. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/official/reports/cohesion5/pdf/5cr_en.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Commission. (2010b). Europe 2020—A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, Communication from the Commission, COM (2010) 2020 final. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A52010DC2020. Accessed April 2016.
European Commission. (2013a). EVALSED: The resource for the evaluation of Socio-Economic Development, Updated version, September 2013.
European Commission. (2013b). Results indicators 2014+: Report on pilot tests in 23 regions/OPs across 15 MS of the EU. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/2014/working/result_indicator_pilot_report.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Commission. (2014a). Guidance document on monitoring and evaluation—European regional development fund and Cohesion fund. Concepts and Recommendations. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/2014/working/wd_2014_en.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Commission. (2014b). Sixth report on economic, social and territorial cohesion. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/official/reports/cohesion6/6cr_en.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Commission. (2014c). CAP Context Indicators 2014–2020. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/cap-indicators/context/2014/full-text_en.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Commission. (2014d). Guidance document on ex-ante evaluation. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/2014/working/ex_ante_en.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Commission. (2014e). Guidance Fiche on Performance Framework Review and Reserve in 2014–2020, Final version. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/pdf/guidance_performance_framework.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Commission. (2014f). Draft template and guidelines on the content of the Partnership agreement. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/informat/2014/pa_guidelines.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Commission. (2015). Guidance document on Monitoring and Evaluation of European Cohesion Policy European Social Fund. Available at http://www.esf.ie/en/ImageLibrary/Repository/Files/Monitoring-_-Evaluation-Guidance-2015-June-version.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Evaluation Network for Rural Development. (2014). Guidelines for the Ex-ante Evaluation of 2014–2020 RDPs. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/evaluation/guidelines/2014-2020-ex-ante_en.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2013a). Regulation (EU) No. 1305/2013 of the European parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No. 1698/2005. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:347:0487:0548:EN:PDF. Accessed April 2016.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2013b). Regulation (EU) No. 1301/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 on the European Regional Development Fund and on specific provisions concerning the Investment for growth and jobs goal and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1080/2006. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:347:0289:0302:EN:PDF. Accessed April 2016.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2013c). Regulation (EU) No. 1303/2013 of the European parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 laying down common provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund, the Cohesion Fund, the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development and the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and laying down general provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund, the Cohesion Fund and the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No. 1083/2006. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32013R1303. Accessed April 2016.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2014). Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 1014/2014 of 22 July 2014 supplementing Regulation (EU) No. 508/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32014R1014. Accessed April 2016.
Fitz-Gibbon, C. (1990). Performance indicators, BERA dialogues 2. Clevedon-Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters LTD.
Gaffey, V. (2012). A Fresh Look at the Intervention Logic of Structural Funds. In: Paper presented at the European Evaluation Society Conference in Helsinki, 4th October 2012. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/impact/evaluation/conf_doc/helsinki_vg_2012.pdf. Accessed in April 2016.
Horn, R. (1993). Statistical indicators for the economic and social sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Johnston, D., & Carley, M. (1981). Social measurement and social indicators. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 453, 237–253.
Knowlton, L., & Phillips, C. (2013). The logic model guidebook, better strategies for great results (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
KPMG. (2011). Midterm evaluation of Operational Programme “Regional Development” 2007–2013. Final report, provided to the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works in February 2011.
Land, K., et al. (2012). Handbook of social indicators and quality of life research. Berlin: Springer.
Mackay, K. (2007). How to build M&E systems to support better government. Washington, D.C.: Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank.
McLaughlin, J., & Jordan, G. (1999). Logic models: A tool for telling your program’s performance story. Evaluation and Program Planning, 22(1).
Ministry of Education and Culture. (2015). Operational Programme ‘Science and education for intelligent growth’ 2014–2020. Approved by the European Commission on 19.02.2015.
Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Latvia. (2014). Operational Programme ‘Growth and Employment’ 2014–2020, Riga 2014.
Ministry of Infrastructure and Development. (2014). Operational programme Eastern Poland 2014–2020, version of 16 December 2014. Available at http://www.funduszeeuropejskie.gov.pl/media/942/POPW_akcept_KE.pdf. Accessed April 2016.
Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration. (2015). Regional Operational Programme 2014–2020, June 2015, version approved by the European Commission. Available at http://www.inforegio.ro/ro/por-2014-2020/documente-de-programare.html. Accessed April 2016.
Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works. (2015). Operational Programme “Regions in Growth” 2014–2020, approved by the Commission on 15.06.2015.
Mosse, R., & Sontheimer, L. (1996). Performance monitoring indicators handbook. Washington: The World bank.
Pissourios, I. (2013). An interdisciplinary study on indicators: A comparative review of quality-of-life, macroeconomic, environmental, welfare and sustainability indicators. Ecological Indicators, 34, 420–427.
Smutylo, T. (2001). Crouching impact, hidden attribution: Overcoming threats to learning in development programs. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. Block Island Workshop on Across Portfolio Learning.
Wong, C. (2006). Indicators for urban and regional planning, the interplay of policy and methods. London: Routledge.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nigohosyan, D., Vutsova, A. The 2014–2020 European Regional Development Fund Indicators: The Incomplete Evolution. Soc Indic Res 137, 559–577 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1610-8
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1610-8