Abstract
In this paper we characterize three sTPSs: a germacrene D (LaGERDS), a (E)-β-caryophyllene (LaCARS) and a τ-cadinol synthase (LaCADS). τ-cadinol synthase is reported here for the first time and its activity was studied in several biological models including transiently or stably transformed tobacco species. Three dimensional structure models of LaCADS and Ocimum basilicum γ-cadinene synthase were built by homology modeling using the template structure of Gossypium arboreum δ-cadinene synthase. The depiction of their active site organization provides evidence of the global influence of the enzymes on the formation of τ-cadinol: instead of a unique amino-acid, the electrostatic properties and solvent accessibility of the whole active site in LaCADS may explain the stabilization of the cadinyl cation intermediate. Quantitative PCR performed from leaves and inflorescences showed two patterns of expression. LaGERDS and LaCARS were mainly expressed during early stages of flower development and, at these stages, transcript levels paralleled the accumulation of the corresponding terpene products (germacrene D and (E)-β-caryophyllene). By contrast, the expression level of LaCADS was constant in leaves and flowers. Phylogenetic analysis provided informative results on potential duplication process leading to sTPS diversification in lavender.
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Abbreviations
- CADS:
-
Cadinol synthase
- CARS:
-
β-Caryophyllene synthase
- EO(s):
-
Essential oil(s)
- EST(s):
-
Expressed sequence tag(s)
- IPTG:
-
Isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside
- FPP:
-
Farnesyl diphosphate
- GERDS:
-
Germacrene D synthase
- GPP:
-
Geranyl diphosphate
- LaCADS:
-
L. angustifolia cadinol synthase
- LaCARS:
-
L. angustifolia β-caryophyllene synthase
- LaGERDS:
-
L. angustifolia germacrene D synthase
- mTPS(s):
-
Monoterpene synthase(s)
- Qpcr:
-
Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction
- sTPS(s):
-
Sesquiterpene synthase(s)
- TPS(s):
-
Terpene synthase(s)
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a Grant of the Rhône-Alpes county. We thank Dr. Busso who kindly provided the pHGGWA vector. We also thank Florence Gros for her technical contribution to this work. The IFF company and CRIEPPAM are also thanked for providing respectively basil rich τ-cadinol and L. angustifolia cv’Diva’ essential oils used as standards for τ-cadinol identification. We also thank Dr. Bendahmane (ENS Lyon) for critical reading and Frédéric Hache and Neil Finn (Department of Foreign Languages, UJM) for text revision).
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Accession numbers: LaCADS: JX401282; LaCARS: JX401283; LaGERDS: JX401284.
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Jullien, F., Moja, S., Bony, A. et al. Isolation and functional characterization of a τ-cadinol synthase, a new sesquiterpene synthase from Lavandula angustifolia . Plant Mol Biol 84, 227–241 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-013-0131-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-013-0131-3