Abstract
The variable fluorescence at the maximum Fm of the fluorescence induction (Kautsky) curve is known to be substantially suppressed shortly after light adaption due to nonphotochemical qE quenching. The kinetic pattern of the dark decay at Fm consists of three components with rates ~20, ~1, and ~0.1 s–1, respectively. Light adaptation has no or little effect on these rate constants. It causes a decrease in the ratio between the amplitudes of the slow and fast one with negligible change in the small amplitude of the ultra-slow component. Results add to evidence for the hypothesis that the dark-reversible decrease in variable fluorescence accompanying light adaptation during the P–S phase of the fluorescence induction curve is due to an alteration in nonphotochemical qE quenching caused by changes in the trans-thylakoid proton motive force in response to changes in the proton conductance gH+ of the CF0-channel of the CF0·CF1·ATPase.
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Abbreviations
- CET:
-
cyclic electron transport involving PSI
- CF0·F1 :
-
subunits of chloroplasts ATPase
- ECS:
-
absorbance changes associated with the electrochromic band shift
- F0 :
-
fluorescence level of dark-adapted system with 100% open RCs
- Fm :
-
fluorescence level of dark-adapted system with 100% closed RCs after fluorescence saturating pulse excitation
- g H thyl :
-
the conductivity of the thylakoid membrane to protons, predominantly determined by the activity of the ATP synthase
- g H closed_CF0 :
-
H+ conductance of the closed CF0 channel of the CF0·F1·ATPase
- g H open_CF0 :
-
H+ conductance of the open CF0 channel of the CF0·F1·ATPase
- LET:
-
linear electron transport involving PSI and PSII
- M:
-
time range (~30 s) at which the final F-decline in the Kautsky induction curve starts
- NPQ:
-
nonphotochemical quenching
- OJIPSMT:
-
Kautsky fluorescence induction curve
- P:
-
time range (~0.5–2 s) in Kautsky induction curve where stimulation of variable chlorophyll fluorescence F by pmf and release of photochemical and electrochemical quenching is maximal
- pmf:
-
proton motive force
- RC:
-
reaction center of photosystem
- S:
-
time range (~15 s) in Kautsky induction curve where the contribution of the slow component of F-decay has become minimal
- SP:
-
fluorescence saturating pulse with duration exceeding 3,000 ms
- sSP:
-
short fluorescence excitation light pulse with duration between 0.25 and 3,000 ms
- 3k (0.05k) pulse:
-
light pulse with intensity 3,000 (50) μmol(photon) m–2 s–1
- T:
-
time range (> 2 min) in Kautsky induction curve where a (quasi) steady state in the light is reached
- α:
-
fraction of system with inactivated CF0·F1·ATPase
- ΔμH :
-
trans-membrane proton motive force
- ΦH+ :
-
proton flux generated by light-driven proton pump
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Acknowledgements: I heartily thank Govindjee for his friendship, interest and support. I keep the best memories of occasions when we met during visits in the laboratories where we worked for most of the time of our careers: Urbana, Leiden, and Wageningen, and at several meetings since our first at the 1st European Photosynthesis Congress in 1962 in Gif sur Yvette, France. I owe many thanks to my esteemed colleagues and former co-authors Alexander Bulychev (Botany Department, MSU, Russia) and Ondrej Prasil (Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Trebon, Czech Rep.) for the appreciated contributions and laboratory facilities that I have received. I thank Dr. Jeff Kay for the use of the OS5p+ Modulated Chlorophyll Fluorometer (Opti Science, Hudson, USA) in which the routines and light-dark protocols for dedicated OJIPSMT measurements have been implemented.
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Vredenberg, W. On the quantitative relation between dark kinetics of NPQ-induced changes in variable fluorescence and the activation state of the CF0·CF1·ATPase in leaves. Photosynthetica 56, 139–149 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-018-0772-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-018-0772-1