Abstract
This study analyzed the thermal field effect and experimental verification of laser scribing of stainless foil based copper indium gallium selenide solar cells of the AZO/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS multilayer stack films (P3 layer) using Nd:YAG (1064 nm) and ultraviolet (355 nm) lasers. To prevent breakdown of molybdenum films of the solar cell, the laser processing temperature must be lower than the ablation temperature (2896 °C) of the Mo layer, but higher than the ablation temperature (2248 °C) of aluminum doped zinc oxide layer. Therefore, the scribing depth of the P3 layer is limited to the range 1.5–1.7 μm. First, the ANSYS Parameter Design Language program in the ANSYS finite element software is used to establish the simulation mathematical thermal model of the laser scribing process. To simulate the actual laser scribing process, a three-dimensional FE model for laser scribing process with a moving laser beam was constructed. Comparison the theoretical analysis and experimental results indicated that two sets of simulation parameters could not completely remove the P3 layer when the Nd:YAG laser was used. However, when the UV laser was used, the theoretical and experimental results were in favorable agreement. The findings of this study indicate that simulation analysis results can be helpful as reference data for experimental parameters during the actual scribing process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acherjee, B., Kuar, A., Mitra, S., Misra, D.: Finite element simulation of laser transmission welding of dissimilar materials between polyvinylidene fluoride and titanium. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Tech. 2, 176–186 (2010)
Chen, C.Y., Chang, T.L.: Multilayered structuring of thin-film PV modules by ultrafast laser ablation. Microelectron. Eng. 143, 41–47 (2015)
Chen, M.F., Wang, Y.H., Hsiao, W.T.: Finite element analysis and verification of laser marking on eggshell. J. Mater. Process. Tech. 209, 470–476 (2009)
Chen, B.C., Tsai, Y.H., Ho, C.Y.: Parametric effects on femtosecond laser ablation of Al2O3 ceramics. Ceram. Int. 39, 341–344 (2013)
Chen, M.F., Hsiao, W.T., Wang, M.C., Yang, K.Y., Chen, Y.F.: A theoretical analysis and experimental verification of a laser drilling process for a ceramic substrate. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 81, 1723–1732 (2015)
Chen, M.F., Hsiao, W.T., Wang, M.C., Chen, Y.F.: Isolation scribing on hybrid films for CIGS-based solar cell using various nanosecond pulsed laser wavelengths. JLMN J. Laser Micro/Nanoeng. 11, 239–245 (2016)
Collins, J., Gremaud, P.: A simple model for laser drilling. Math. Comput. Simul. 81, 1541–1552 (2011)
Compaan, A.D., Matulionis, I., Nakade, S.: Laser scribing of polycrystalline thin films. Opt. Lasers Eng. 34, 15–45 (2000)
Dunsky, C., Colville, F.: Solid state laser applications in photovoltaic manufacturing. Proc. SPIE 6871, 687129–687138 (2008)
Gečys, P., Račiukaitis, G., Ehrhardt, M., Zimmer, K., Gedvilas, M.: ps-laser scribing of CIGS films at different wavelength. Appl. Phys. A 101, 373–378 (2010)
Gordon, P., Balogh, B., Sinkovics, B.: Thermal simulation of UV laser ablation of polyimide. Microelectron. Reliab. 47, 347–353 (2007)
Ku, S., Pieters, B.E., Haas, S., Bauer, A., Ye, Q., Rau, U.: Electrical characterization of P3 isolation lines patterned with a UV laser incident from the film side on thin-film silicon solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 108, 87–92 (2013)
Liu, F.R., Zhang, Q., Zhou, W.P., Zhao, J.J., Chen, J.M.: Micro scale 3D FEM simulation on thermal evolution within the porous structure in selective laser sintering. J. Mater. Process. Tech. 212, 2058–2065 (2012)
Matulionis, I., Nakade, S., Compaan, A.D.: Wavelength and pulse duration effects in laser scribing of thin films. In: Proceedings of IEEE PVSC, vol. 2, pp. 491–494 (1997)
Padhiar, V.B., Patel, A.L., Ray, J.R., Desai, M.S., Panchal, C.J.: Laser scribing optimization of RF magnetron sputtered molybdenum thin films. J. Nano Electron. Phys. 3, 9–16 (2011)
Shukla, P.P., Lawrence, J.: A comparative study on the processing parameters during fiber and CO2 laser surface treatments of silicon nitride engineering ceramic. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 59, 143–155 (2012)
Sowdari, D., Majumdar, P.: Finite element analysis of laser irradiated metal heating and melting processes. Opt. Laser Technol. 42, 855–865 (2010)
Turan, B., Haas, S., Steger, M.: Optimization of front-contact laser scribing for thin-film silicon solar modules. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 125, 78–86 (2014)
Turňa, M., Taraba, B., Ambrož, P., Sahul, M.: Contribution to numerical simulation of laser welding. Phys. Procedia 12, 638–645 (2011)
Westin, P.O., Zimmermann, U., Edoff, M.: Laser patterning of P2 interconnect via in thin-film CIGS PV modules. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 92, 1230–1235 (2008)
Zhang, Y., Li, S., Chen, G.: Experimental observation and simulation of keyhole dynamics during laser drilling. Opt. Laser Technol. 48, 405–414 (2013)
Zhigilei, L.V., Garrison, B.J.: Mechanisms of laser ablation from molecular dynamics simulations: dependence on the initial temperature and pulse duration. Appl. Phys. A 69, 75–80 (1999)
Acknowledgement
The authors thank the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan for financially supporting this research under contract nos. NSC 100-2623-E-018-002-ET and NSC 101-2623-E-018-002-ET.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, MF., Hsiao, WT., Wang, MC. et al. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of AZO/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS multilayer stack isolation using 1064 nm and 355 nm laser wavelengths. Opt Quant Electron 49, 85 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-0925-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-0925-7