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Strategies for radiolabeling of commercial TiO2 nanopowder as a tool for sensitive nanoparticle detection in complex matrices

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Abstract

Detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in complex environmental or biological media is a major challenge since NP concentrations are generally expected to be low compared to elemental background levels. This study presents three different options for radiolabeling of commercial titania NP (TiO2-NP, AEROXIDE® P25, Evonik Industries, mean diameter 21 nm) for particle detection, localization, and tracing under various experimental conditions. The radiolabeling procedures ensure stability and consistency of important particle properties such as size and morphology. With the presented radiolabeling methods, detection (and quantification) limits for TiO2-NPs in concentrations as low as 0.5 ng/L can be realized in complex systems without the necessity of intense sample purification or pretreatment.

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Notes

  1. In many cell uptake studies exposure times range from several hours to many days or even weeks (Gibson et al. 2011; Marmorato et al. 2011; Simonelli et al. 2011). In such cases the use of short-lived radionuclides that are frequently applied also in medical imaging are of limited use. They can fruitfully only be applied to very fast transport or metabolic mechanisms.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge C. Buetow, C. Schoessler, and N. Willnow for technical assistance in the lab. A. Freyer and A. Prager (Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, Leipzig, Germany) are acknowledged for the SEM imaging of the TiO2 nanopowder samples. This study was financially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [projects NanoTrack (support code 03X0078A) and NanoSuppe (support code 03X0144A)]. The authors also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme project “QualityNano” (contract agreement SP4-CAPACITIES-2010-262163).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany

    Heike Hildebrand, Stefan Schymura & Karsten Franke

  2. Nanobiosciences Unit, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission, T.P.500, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy

    Uwe Holzwarth, Neil Gibson & Matteo Dalmiglio

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  1. Heike Hildebrand
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  2. Stefan Schymura
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  3. Uwe Holzwarth
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  4. Neil Gibson
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  5. Matteo Dalmiglio
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  6. Karsten Franke
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Correspondence to Heike Hildebrand.

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Hildebrand, H., Schymura, S., Holzwarth, U. et al. Strategies for radiolabeling of commercial TiO2 nanopowder as a tool for sensitive nanoparticle detection in complex matrices. J Nanopart Res 17, 278 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-015-3080-8

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