Abstract
White-light-controlled resistance switching in TiO2/α-Fe2O3 composite nanorods array grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate by hydrothermal process is investigated. The average length of TiO2/α-Fe2O3 nanorods is about 3.5 μm, and the average diameter is about 250 nm. The sizes of the α-Fe2O3 particles are in the range of 30 ~ 70 nm. The current–voltage characteristics of the composite nanorods array show a good rectifying property and bipolar resistive-switching behavior, and the resistive-switching behavior can be regulated by white-light illumination at room temperature. This study is helpful for exploring the multifunctional materials and their applications in nonvolatile multistate memory devices.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adachi M et al (2012) Shape control of highly crystallized titania nanorods based on formation mechanism. J Mater Res 27(2):431–439. doi:10.1557/jmr.2011.353
Bean CP, Livingston JD (1959) The anisotropy of very small cobaltparticles. J Appl Phys 20(2–3):298–302. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:01959002002-3029800
Beermann N, Vayssieres L, Linquist ES, Hagfeldt A (2002) Synthesis of Fe2O3 /TiO2 nanorod–nanotube arrays by filling TiO2 nanotubes with Fe. J Electrochem Soc 147(24):56–61. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/31/315601
Bera A, Peng H, Lourembam J, Shen Y, Sun XW, Wu T (2013) A versatile light-switchable nanorod memory: wurtzite ZnO on perovskite SrTiO3. Adv Funct Mater 23:4977–4984. doi:10.1002/adfm.201300509
Beydoun D, Amal R, Low G, McEvoy S (1999) Role of nanoparticles in photocatalysis. J Nanopart Res 1(4):439–458. doi:10.1023/A:1010044830871
Burschka J et al (2013) Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature 499:316. doi:10.1038/nature12340
Cao CB, Li JL, Wang X, Song XP, Sun ZQ (2011) Current characterization and growth mechanism of anodic titania nanotube arrays. J Mater Res 26:437. doi:10.1557/jmr.2010.33
Chen J, Xu L, Li WY, Gou X (2005) Alpha-Fe2O3 nanotubes in gas sensor and lithium-ion battery applications. Adv Mater 17(5):582–586. doi:10.1002/adma.200401101
Chu D, Yuan X, Qin G, Xu M, Zheng P, Lu J, Zha L (2008) Efficient carbon-doped nanostructured TiO2 (anatase) film for photoelectrochemical solar cells. J Nanopart Res 10(2):357–363. doi:10.1007/s11051-007-9241-7
Crossland Edward JW et al (2013) Mesoporous TiO2 single crystals delivering enhanced mobility and optoelectronic device performance. Nature 495:215–219. doi:10.1038/nature11936
Diwald O, Thompson TL, Zubkov T, Goralski EG, Walck SD, Yates JT Jr (2004) Photochemical activity of nitrogen-doped rutile TiO2 (110) in visible light. J Chem Phys 108:6004–6008. doi:10.1021/jp031267y
Faust BC, Hoffmann MR, Bahnemann DW (1989) Photocatalytic oxidation of sulfur-dioxide in aqueous suspensions of alpha-Fe2O3. J Chem Phys 93(17):6371–6381. doi:10.1021/j100354a021
Gratzel M (2003) Applied physics-solar cells to dye for. Nature 421:586–587. doi:10.1038/421586a
Hamaguchi M, Aoyama K, Asanuma S, Uesu Y, Katsufuji T (2006) Electric-field-induced resistance switching universally observed in transition-metal-oxide thin films. Appl Phys Lett 88(14):142508. doi:10.1063/1.2193328
Hasan M, Dong R, Choi HJ, Lee DS, Seong DJ, Pyun MB, Hwang H (2008) Uniform resistive switching with a thin reactive metal interface layer in metal-La(0.7)Ca(0.3)MnO(3)-metal heterostructures. Appl Phys Lett 92(20):202102. doi:10.1063/1.2932148
He CL et al (2009) Nonvolatile resistive switching in graphene oxide thin films. Appl Phys Lett 95(23):232101. doi:10.1063/1.3271177
Hodes G (2013) Perovskite-based solar cells. Science 342:317–318. doi:10.1126/science.1245473
Hyeon T (2003) Chemical synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles. Chem Commun 8:927–934. doi:10.1039/b207789b
Jang HD, Kim S-K, Kim S-J (2001) Effect of particle size and phase composition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the photocatalytic properties. J Nanopart Res 3(2–3):141–147. doi:10.1023/A:1017948330363
Jang JS, Kim D, Seong TY (2006) Schottky barrier characteristics of Pt contacts to n-type InGaN. J Appl Phys 99(7):073704. doi:10.1063/1.2187274
Jeong DS, Schroeder H, Waser R (2007) Coexistence of bipolar and unipolar resistive switching behaviors in a Pt/TiO2/Pt stack. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 10(8):G51–G53. doi:10.1149/1.2742989
Jo SH, Kim KH, Lu W (2009) Programmable resistance switching in nanoscale two-terminal devices. Nano Lett 9(1):496–500. doi:10.1021/nl803669s
Khan SUM, Akikusa J (1999) Efficient photochemical water splitting by a chemically modified n-TiO2. J Chem Phys 103(718):4–9. doi:10.1126/science.1075035
Li YB, Sinitskii A, Tour JM (2008) Electronic two-terminal bistable graphitic memories. Nat Mater 7(12):966–971. doi:10.1038/nmat2331
Liu B, Aydil ES (2009) Growth of oriented single-crystalline rutile TiO2 nanorods on transparent conducting substrates for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 131:3985–3990. doi:10.1021/ja8078972
Liu H, Gao L (2006) Preparation and properties of nanocrystalline alpha-Fe2O3-sensitized TiO2 nanosheets as a visible light photocatalyst. J Am Ceram Soc 89(1):370–373. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00686.x
Liu SQ, Wu NJ, Ignatiev A (2000) Electric-pulse-induced reversible resistance change effect in magnetoresistive films. Appl Phys Lett 76(19):2749–2751. doi:10.1063/1.126464
Liu M, Abid Z, Wang W, He XL, Liu Q, Guan WH (2009) Multilevel resistive switching with ionic and metallic filaments. Appl Phys Lett 94(23):233106. doi:10.1063/1.3151822
Ma LP, Pyo S, Ouyang J, Xu Q, Yang Y (2003) Nonvolatile electrical bistability of organic/metal-nanocluster/organic system. Appl Phys Lett 82(9):1419–1421. doi:10.1063/1.1556555
Meijer GI (2008) Materials science—who wins the nonvolatile memory race? Science 319:1625–1626. doi:10.1126/science.1153909
Mitchinson A (2008) Materials science—solar cells go round the bend. Nature 455:744. doi:10.1038/455744a
Park WY, Kim GH, Seok JY, Kim KM, Song SJ, Lee MH, Hwang CS (2010) A Pt/TiO2/Ti Schottky-type selection diode for alleviating the sneak current in resistance switching memory arrays. Nanotechnology 21(195201):4. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/21/19/195201
Park J, Lee S, Yong K (2012) Photo-stimulated resistive switching of ZnO nanorods. Nanotechnology 23:385707. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/23/38/385707
Park J, Lee S, Lee J, Yong K (2013) A light incident angle switchable ZnO nanorod memristor: reversible switching behavior between two non-volatile memory devices. Adv Mater 25:6423–6429. doi:10.1002/adma.201303017
Schaub R, Thostrup P, Lopez N, Lægsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Nørskov JK, Besenbacher F (2001) Oxygen vacancies as active sites for water dissociation on rutile TiO2 (110). Phys Rev Lett 87(26):266104. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.266104
Schindler C, Staikov G, Waser R (2009) Electrode kinetics of Cu-SiO2-based resistive switching cells: overcoming the voltage-time dilemma of electrochemical metallization memories. Appl Phys Lett 94(7):072109. doi:10.1063/1.3077310
Stewart DR, Chen Y, Willianms RS, Jeppesen JO, Nielsen KA, Stoddart F (2004) Molecule-independent electrical switching in Pt/organic monolayer/Ti devices Molecule-independent electrical switching in Pt/organic monolayer/Ti devices. Nano Lett 4(1):133–136. doi:10.1021/nl034795u
Ungureanu M, Zazpe R, Golmar F, Stoliar P, Llopis R, Casanova F, Hueso LE (2012) A light-controlled resistive switching memory. Adv Mater 24(18):2496–2500. doi:10.1002/adma.201200382
Wang Y, Zhang L, Deng K, Chen X, Zou Z (2007) Low temperature synthesis and photocatalytic activity of rutile TiO2 nanorod superstructures. J Phys Chem C 111:2709–2714. doi:10.1021/jp066519k
Watson S, Beydoun D, Scott J, Amal R (2004) Preparation of nanosized crystalline TiO2 particles at low temperature for photocatalysis. J Nanopart Res 6(2–3):193–207. doi:10.1023/B:NANO.0000034623.33083.71
Won S, Go S, Lee K, Lee J (2008) Resistive switching properties of Pt/TiO2/n+-Si ReRAM for nonvolatile memory application. Electron Mater Lett 4(1):29–33
Wu JS et al (2011) Growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods on anatase TiO2 thin films on Si-based substrates. J Mater Res 26:1646. doi:10.1557/jmr.2011.190
Yang M, Ding B, Lee J-K (2014) Surface electrochemical properties of niobium-doped titanium dioxide nanorods and their effect on carrier collection efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. J Power Sources 245:301–307. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.016
Zhuge F, Dai W, He CL, Wang AY, Liu YW, Li M, Wu YH, Cui P, Li RW (2010) Nonvolatile resistive switching memory based on amorphous carbon. Appl Phys Lett 96(16):163505. doi:10.1063/1.3406121
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51372209).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, B., Li, Q.L., Zhao, W.X. et al. White-light-controlled resistance switching in TiO2/α-Fe2O3 composite nanorods array. J Nanopart Res 16, 2389 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2389-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2389-z