Abstract
This paper discusses the interactive coordination of hypermedia documents’ components in the world wide web environment, proposing a design space based on discrete events transmission between linked media and on an extension of the concept of spine introduced by the IEEE 1599 standard for music description. The elements of the design space draw from the early hypermedia models the basic concepts of anchor and link, framing them in the world wide web technology, and integrate the user interaction into dynamic media behavior in a coherent and seamless way. The paper describes the components and operations defined in the design space, giving a rationale for them. Several examples are discussed which represent the typical patterns of dynamic media synchronization and user interaction found in current hypermedia applications. Guidelines for the implementation in the standard HTML5/CSS/Javascript environment are also discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
HTML5 defines some constructs for adding dynamic behaviors to document elements through the <canvas> tag and animated transformations. We assume that true multimedia content is the one contained in image, audio and video files.
We do not distinguish between text scrolling and repositioning; it is related to text rendering issues and is not relevant for the example dynamics.
References
Baggi DL, Haus G (2009) The new standard IEEE 1599, introduction and examples. J Multimed 4(1):3–8
Bailey B, Konstan JA, Cooley R, Dejong M (1998) Nsync - a toolkit for building interactive multimedia presentations. In: ACM Multimedia ’98. ACM Press, Bristol, UK, pp 257–266
Baratè A., Haus G, Ludovico L (2006) Music representation of score, sound, MIDI, structure and metadata all integrated in a single multilayer environment based on XML. In: Intelligent Music Information Systems. IRM Press
Baratè A, Haus G, Ludovico L (2009) IEEE 1599: a new standard for music education. In: ELPUB2009, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Electronic Publishing, pp 29–45
Barry C, Lang M (2001) A survey of multimedia and web development techniques and methodology usage. IEEE Multimed 8(2):52–60
Bertino E, Ferrari E (1998) Temporal synchronization models for multimedia data. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 10(4):612–631
Bieber M, Isakowitz T (1995) Designing hypermedia applications. Comm ACM 38(8):26–29
Buchanan MC, Zellweger PT (1992) Specifying temporal behavior in hypermedia documents. In: Proceedings of ACM Conference on Hypertext, pp 262–271
Bulterman D (2007) User-centered control within multimedia presentations. Multimed Syst 12:423–438
Bulterman DCA, Hardman L (2005) Structured multimedia authoring. ACM Trans Multimed Comput Commun Appl 1(1):89–109
Bulterman DCA, Hardman L, Jansen J, Mullender KS, Rutledge L (1998) GRiNS: A graphical interface for creating and playing smil documents. In: The 7th International World Wide Web Conference, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, vol 30(1-7), Brisbane, Australia, pp 519–529
Campbell A, Coutson G, Garcia F, Hutchison D (1992) Orchestration services for distributed multimedia synchronization. In: Proceedings of 4th IFIP Conference on High Performance Networking, Liege, Belgium, pp 1–16
Celentano A (2013) A dynamic spine model for interactive hypermedia synchronization. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems, DMS 2013, Brighton, UK, pp 3–8
Celentano A, Gaggi O (2003) Template-based generation of multimedia presentations. Int J Softw Eng Knowl Eng 13(4):419–445
Celentano A, Gaggi O (2006) Context-aware design of adaptable multimodal documents. Multimed Tools Appl 29(1):7–28
Gaggi O, Bossi A (2011) Analysis and verification of SMIL documents. Multimed Syst 17(6):487–506
Gaggi O, Celentano A (2005) Modelling synchronized hypermedia presentations. Multimed Tools Appl 27:53–78
Gaggi O, Danese L (2011) A smil player for any web browser. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems, DMS 2011, Florence, Italy, pp 114–119
Ginige A, Lowe DB, Robertson J (1995) Hypermedia authoring. IEEE Multimed 2(4):24–35
Goodman D (1990) Complete HyperCard 2.0 Handbook, 3rd edn. Random House Inc., NY, USA
Halasz FG (2001) Reflections on NoteCards: seven issues for the next generation of hypermedia systems. ACM J Comput Doc 25(3):71–87
Halasz FG, Schwartz M (1994) The Dexter hypertext reference model. Comm. ACM 37(2):30–39
Hardman L (1998) Modelling and Authoring Hypermedia Documents. Ph.D. Thesis, CWI, University of Amsterdam. http://www.cwi.nl/~lynda/thesis
Hardman L, Bulterman DCA, Van Rossum G (1994) The Amsterdam hypermedia model: Adding time, structure and context to hypertext. Comm ACM 37 (2):50–62
Hardman L, Van Ossenbruggen J, Mullender KS, Rutledge L, Bulterman DCA (1999) Do you have the time? composition and linking in time-based hypermedia. In: Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia : Returning to Our Diverse Roots: Returning to Our Diverse Roots, HYPERTEXT ’99. ACM, NY, USA, pp 189–196
Hardman L, Schmitz P, Van Ossenbruggen J, Ten Kate W, Rutledge L (2000) The link vs. the event: activating and deactivating elements in time-based hypermedia. New Rev Hypermed Multimed 6:89–109
Hirzalla N, Falchuk B, Karmouch A (1995) A temporal model for interactive multimedia scenarios. IEEE Multimed 2(3):24–31
Huang C, Chen J, Lin C, Wang C (1998) MING I: A distributed interactive multimedia document development mechanism. Multimed Syst 6(5):316–333
Huang C, Jang M (1999) Interactive temporal behaviours and modelling for multimedia presentations in the WWW environment. Comput J 42(2):112–128
Huang C, Wang C (1998) Synchronization for interactive multimedia presentations. IEEE Multimed 5(4):44–62
Hustedde SF (1996) Developing with Asymetrix Toolbook: Applied Programming Theory. Wadsworth Publication Co., CA, USA
Kappe F, Maurer H, Scherbakov N (1993) Hyper-G—a universal hypermedia system. J Educ Multimed Hypermed 2(1):39–66
King P, Cameron H, Bowman H, Thompson S (1998) Synchronization in multimedia documents. In: Andre J (ed) Electronic Publishing, Artistic Imaging, and Digital Typography, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1375. Springer-Verlag, pp 355–369
Kirsh D (1997) Interactivity and multimedia interfaces. Instr Sci 25:79–96
Lab MM (1981) The interactive movie map. A surrogate travel systems. YouTube video, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hf6LkqgXPMU
Liao W, Li VOK (1998) Synchronization of distributed multimedia systems with user interactions. Multimed Syst 6(3):196–206
Little TDC (1993) A framework for synchronous delivery of time-dependent multimedia data. Multimed Syst 1(2):87–94
Little TDC, Ghafoor A, Chen CYR, Chang CS, Berra PB (1991) Multimedia synchronization. IEEE Data Eng Bullet 14(3):26–35
Mantovani A (2012) Back to hypermedia: A system for dynamic media structuring based on web standards. Master’s Thesis, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italy
Mirbel I, Pernici B, Sellis T, Tserkezoglou S, Vazirgiannis M (2000) Checking the temporal integrity of interactive multimedia documents. VLDB J 9:111–130
Nelson TH (1965) Complex information processing: A file structure for the complex, the changing and the indeterminate. In: Proceedings of the 1965 20th National Conference, ACM ’65. ACM, NY, USA, pp 84–100
Van Ossenbruggen J, Geurts J, Cornelissen F, Hardman L, Rutledge L (2001) Towards second and third generation web-based multimedia. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW ’01. ACM, NY, USA, pp 479–488
Van Ossenbruggen J, Hardman L, Geurts J, Rutledge L (2003) Towards a multimedia formatting vocabulary. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW ’03. ACM, NY, USA, pp 384–393
Prabhakaran B, Raghavan SV (1994) Synchronization models for multimedia presentation with user participation. Multimed Syst 2(2):53–62
Van Rossum G, Jansen J, Mullender K, Bulterman D (1993) CMIFed: a presentation environment for portable hypermedia documents. In: The the First International Conference on Multimedia. http://www.cwi.nl/ftp/mmpapers/cmifed.ps.gz, Anaheim, California, pp 183–188
Sadallah M, Aubert O, Prié Y. (2014) Chm: an annotation- and component-based hypervideo model for the web. Multimed Tools Appl 70(2):869–903
Sauer S, Engels G (2001) UML-based behavior specification of interactive multimedia applications. In: Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments, pp 248–255
(2008) W3C: Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 3.0) W3C Recommendation. http://www.w3.org/TR/smil
(2015) W3C: Timing Object - Draft Community Group Report. http://webtiming.github.io/timingobject/
Wang Z, Peng X, Ji Z (2007) Interactive multimedia synchronization model based on Petri nets. Wuang Unive J Nat Sci 12(6):1019–1023
Yankelovich N, Haan BJ, Meyrowitz NK, Drucker SM (1988) Intermedia: The concept and the construction of a seamless information environment. Computer 21 (1):81–96
Zucker DF, Bulterman D (2007) Open standard and open sourced SMIL for interactivity. ACM Interact 14(6):41–46
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
A preliminary version of a part of this paper has been presented at DMS2013, Distributed Multimedia Systems, Brighton, August 2013 [13].
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Celentano, A. Interactive web-based hypermedia coordination. Multimed Tools Appl 76, 5511–5538 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3790-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3790-7