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Sol–gel based optically active phenolphthalein encapsulated nanomatrices for sensing application

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel, hybrids and solution chemistries
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Abstract

In this work, synthesis and characterization of phenolphthalein-immobilized titania (T-phph) and silica–titania (ST-phph) nanomatrix is reported. The thin films are deposited by sol–gel method at low temperature. The effect of host–guest chemistry in matrices, on the surface structures, optical and sensing activity of the resultant thin films is studied. The phenolphthalein-immobilized fabricated nanoparticles/nanomatrices are analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic-force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Thermally stable and high surface area homogeneous nanoparticles, containing nanocrystalline anatase phase with low refractive index (1.58), low roughness (5.5 nm), and high transparency (95 %) are obtained for phenolphthalein-immobilized ST-phph nanomatrix. Moreover, smaller nanoparticles (56–121 nm) with good incorporation of dye and good response of sensing are obtained. The sensor response is optimized at pH 12 with 10.1 pKa value at 555 nm.

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Acknowledgments

Shumaila Islam acknowledges the financial support provided by the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, through RMC under the Postdoctoral Fellowship for the performance and management of the project. Corresponding author is grateful to the Malaysian Ministry of Education through the FRGS fund with vote 4F543.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laser Centre, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Shumaila Islam, Noriah Bidin, Ganesan Krishnan & Suzairi Daud

  2. Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, QAC, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Saira Riaz & Shahzad Naseem

  3. Physics Department, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Ganesan Krishnan & Suzairi Daud

  4. Chemistry Department Malaysia (Johor Branch), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Faridah M. Marsin

Authors
  1. Shumaila Islam
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  2. Noriah Bidin
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  3. Saira Riaz
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  4. Ganesan Krishnan
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  5. Suzairi Daud
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  6. Shahzad Naseem
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  7. Faridah M. Marsin
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Correspondence to Noriah Bidin.

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Islam, S., Bidin, N., Riaz, S. et al. Sol–gel based optically active phenolphthalein encapsulated nanomatrices for sensing application. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 79, 616–627 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4041-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4041-0

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