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Development and application of sedimentary pigments for assessing effects of climatic and environmental changes on subarctic lakes in northern Sweden

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Abstract

A surface-sediment survey of pigments in 100 lakes in the Scandes Mountains, northern Sweden, was combined with a reconstruction of Holocene sedimentary pigments from Lake Seukokjaure to assess the major factors regulating phototrophic communities, and how these controls may have changed during the period from the deglaciation (~9700 cal. years BP) to the present. The study area covers a pronounced gradient of temperature and precipitation, and encompasses the subarctic tree line, an important ecotonal boundary in this region. Lake Seukokjaure is located in a presently treeless basin close to the modern tree line. The spatial survey of sedimentary pigments was analyzed using principle components analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). PCA explained 73–83% of variance in pigment abundance and composition, whereas RDA explained 22–32% of variation in fossil assemblages. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of lake water, sediment δ13C, maximum lake depth, elevation and lake-water conductivity were all identified as environmental variables with significant association with pigment abundances in the spatial survey, although phototrophic communities of lakes situated in different vegetation zones (alpine, birch, conifer/birch) were incompletely distinguished by the ordinations. In the RDAs, the primary pigment variability occurred along a production gradient that was correlated negatively to water-column DOC content and δ13C signature of sediments. This pattern suggested that the important controls of primary production were light regime and terrestrial supplies of 13C-depleted carbon. In contrast, depth, elevation and conductivity were found to be more important for the differentiation of the phototrophic community composition. Application of these spatial survey results to the Holocene sediment record of Lake Seukokjaure demonstrated the importance of DOC for the temporal development of the lake, from an early state of high production to a period of slight oligotrophication. In general, the algal changes were regulated by the interaction of DOC and conductivity, although transitions in the phototrophic community during the late Holocene were less easily interpreted. Terrestrial vegetation development thus appears to be of utmost importance for the regulation of primary production in oligotrophic alpine and subarctic lakes and climate impacts on lakes, whereas other basin-specific factors may control the ontogeny of algal community composition.

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Acknowledgments

Funds were provided by The Danish Research Council, The Swedish Research Council, The Royal Physiographic Society in Lund (grants to N. Reuss), The Crafoord Foundation, The Swedish Research Council (grants to R. Hall and D. Hammarlund), The Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC, funds to R. Hall and C. Bigler), NSERC Discovery grants (Canada, grants to R. Hall and P. Leavitt) and The Canada Research Chair program (grant to P. Leavitt). We thank A. Jonsson and J. Karlsson for providing pH and DOC data from their 16-lake set. K. Ericsson, E. Grahn, A. Jonsson, J. Karlsson, L. Janeck, P. Rosén, K. Sjödin, T. Westin and M. Rundgren assisted with lake sampling and lab support while M. Graham assisted on measuring LOI and M. Strömgren created Fig. 1. Two anonymous reviewers provided good and constructive suggestions for the final version of this manuscript.

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  1. Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62, Lund, Sweden

    Nina Reuss & Dan Hammarlund

  2. Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingørsgade 51, 3400, Hillerød, Denmark

    Nina Reuss

  3. Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada

    Peter R. Leavitt

  4. Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Roland I. Hall

  5. Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden

    Christian Bigler

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Reuss, N., Leavitt, P.R., Hall, R.I. et al. Development and application of sedimentary pigments for assessing effects of climatic and environmental changes on subarctic lakes in northern Sweden. J Paleolimnol 43, 149–169 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9323-x

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