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A New Early Eocene (Ypresian) Bat from Pourcy, Paris Basin, France, with Comments on Patterns of Diversity in the Earliest Chiropterans

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Abstract

A new early Eocene bat species is described from the Paris Basin locality of Pourcy (Marne), which is thought to represent either MP7 (early Ypresian; earliest Eocene) or MP8 + 9 (middle Ypresian; later early Eocene) in the European Paleogene mammal chronostratigraphic scale. It is the first bat described from the Pourcy locality, and one of the world’s oldest chiropterans. The new bat shares a number of archaic dental features found in other early bats, but also exhibits several traits that appear derived and suggest referral to the family Onychonycteridae. Onychonycterids are restricted to the Ypresian of France, Belgium, England, and the USA, and include the most skeletally primitive of bats. Onychonycterids lived alongside bats that exhibit adaptations for more advanced flight capabilities but which had dentitions that were somewhat more similar to those of ancestral placental mammals. The new bat species from Pourcy, together with other Ypresian chiropterans, illustrates the mosaic nature of bat evolution in the early Eocene.

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Acknowledgments

We thank J.-J. Michaux for allowing us to study the Pourcy bat. For access to specimens and casts in their care, and helpful discussion, we thank: B. Marandat and R. Tabuce, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France; D.E. Russell and M. Godinot, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; T. Smith, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; G. Storch, J. Habersetzer, E. Schlosser-Sturm, and R. Rabenstein, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; N. Micklich, Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt, Germany; E. Westwig, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. We also thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive commentary. This research was supported by Australian Research Council DP130100197.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Suzanne J. Hand & Michael Archer

  2. Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, UMR-CNRS 5554, Université Montpellier 2, 34095, Montpellier cedex 05, France

    Bernard Sigé

  3. Division of Fossil Primates, Duke University Lemur Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA

    Gregg F. Gunnell

  4. Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA

    Nancy B. Simmons

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  1. Suzanne J. Hand
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  2. Bernard Sigé
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  3. Michael Archer
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  4. Gregg F. Gunnell
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  5. Nancy B. Simmons
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suzanne J. Hand.

Appendix List of Comparative Material Used in this Study

Appendix List of Comparative Material Used in this Study

Institutional abbreviations: AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA; BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, UK; CB Chambi collection, Tunisia; CM Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, USA; FNR Université de Montpellier II, Fournes Locality Collections, France; GMH Geiseltal Museum, Halle, Germany; GPIMUH Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Hamburg, Germany; GU/RSR/VAS Garhwal University, Srinigar, India; HLMD Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt, Germany; IITR/SB/VLM Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India; IRSNB M Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium; IVPP V Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing, China; LIEB-PV Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ―San Juan Bosco, Argentina; MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; QM Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia; ROM Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada; SMF Me Senckenberg Museum, Messel Department, Frankfurt, Germany; SMNK Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde, Karlsruhe, Germany; UM Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France; UNLSNC Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal, Silveirinha new collection; UT University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria; UW University of Wyoming Museum, Laramie, Wyoming, USA; YPM-PU Princeton University (collections now housed in the Yale Peabody Museum, New Haven, CT, USA.

In the list below, *denotes original material examined in addition to (otherwise) primary literature, supplementary photographs and/or scan data for all specimens. Families listed alphabetically.

Archaeonycteridae: Archaeonycteris trigonodon Revilliod, 1917 Grube Messel near Darmstadt, Germany HLMD 1398-Me 33a, b*, HLMD 16069; A. brailloni Russell et al., 1973, Mutigny and Avenay, Marne, France MNHN Louis-410 Mu, MNHN Louis-432 Mu*, MNHN Bn-751 Av*, MNHN Bn-757 Av* (cast SMF 77/262); A. pollex Storch and Habersetzer, 1988 Grube Messel near Darmstadt, Germany SMNK Me 982*; A. relicta Harrison and Hooker, 2010 Creechbarrow, Dorset, England BMNH M35710/12; ?A. praecursor Tabuce et al., 2009 Silveirinha Portugal UNLSNC-447*; ?A. storchi Smith et al., 2007 Vastan lignite mine, Gujarat, India GU/RSR/VAS 140; cf. Archaeonycteris sp. (sensu Smith et al. 2012; cf. Icaronycteris sp. in Russell et al. 1988) Meudon, France MNHN 16065 Me*; Protonycteris gunnelli Smith et al., 2007 Vastan lignite mine, Gujarat, India GU/RSR/VAS 436. Hassianycteridae: Hassianycteris revilliodi (Russell and Sigé, 1970) Grube Messel near Darmstadt, Germany HLMD 4294 Me 16* (cast SMF 77/269). H. messelensis Smith and Storch, 1981, Grube Messel near Darmstadt, Germany HLMD Me 7480*; H. magna Smith and Storch, 1981, Grube Messel near Darmstadt, Germany HLMD Me 7539*; H. kumari Smith et al., 2007 Vastan lignite mine, Gujarat, India GU/RSR/VAS 56, GU/RSR/VAS 561; Cambaya complexus Bajpai et al., 2005 Vastan lignite mine, Gujarat, India IITR/SB/VLM 435. Icaronycteridae: Icaronycteris index Jepsen, 1966; Green River Formation, Wyoming, USA, YPM-PU 18150* and UW 21481*; I. menui Russell et al., 1973 Mutigny and Avenay, Marne, France MNHN Louis-333*, MNHN Louis-Mu*, MNHN Louis-331*, MNHN Louis-380*, MNHN Louis-384*, MNHN Louis-353*, MNHN Louis-357*, MNHN Louis-117*, MNHN Av7201*, MNHN Av6797*, MNHN Av7200*, MNHN Louis-360 Mu*, MNHN Bn-547 Av*, MNHN Bn-340 Av*, MNHN Bn-319 Av* (SMF 77/259-261); I. sigei Smith et al., 2007 Vastan lignite mine, Gujarat, India GU/RSR/VAS 137. Mixopterygidae: Carcinipteryx maximinensis Maitre et al., 2008 from St-Maximin, Gard Phosphorites, France, UM-SMXCm A.1.3*, UM-SMXCm A.1.5*. Onychonycteridae: Onychonycteris finneyi Simmons et al., 2008 Green River Formation, Wyoming, USA, ROM 55351A,B*, AMNH FM 142467*; Ageina tobieni Russell et al., 1973 Mutigny, Marne, France MNHN Mu 5112*, MNHN Louis-481 Mu* (cast SMF 77/263); Eppsinycteris anglica (Cooper, 1932) Abbey Wood, London Basin, England BMNH M13776; Honrovits tsuwape Beard et al., 1992 Wind River Formation, Wyoming, USA CM62640*, CM 62641*; ?Honrovits joeli (Smith and Russell, 1992) Evere, Belgium IRSNB M 1567 (cast). Palaeochiropterygidae: Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon Grube Messel near Darmstadt, Germany HLMD Me25* (cast SMF 77/271 and 272), Me 266* (cast SMF 77/273 and 274); Palaeochiropteryx spiegeli Grube Messel near Darmstadt, Germany HLMD Me32 * (cast SMF 77/270); Cecilionycteris prisca Heller, 1935 Geiseltal Obere Mittelkohle, Germany, GMH 3965*; Matthesia germanica Sigé and Russell, 1980, Geiseltal Obere Mittelkohle, Germany, GMH 3940*; Lapichiropteryx xiei Tong, 1997 Tuqiaogou,Shanxi province, China IVPP V10204; Microchiropteryx folieae Smith et al., 2007 Vastan lignite mine, Gujarat, India GU/RSR/VAS 459. Philisidae: Dizzya exsultans Sigé, 1991 Chambi, Tunisia CB 1-15*. Family incertae sedis: Australonycteris clarkae Hand et al., 1994 Murgon, Queensland, Australia QM F19147, QM F19149*; Jaegeria cambayensis Bajpai et al., 2005 Vastan lignite mine, Gujarat, India IITR/SB/VLM/585; Chiropteran (Tejedor et al. 2005) Laguna Fría, Chubut Province, Argentina, LIEB-PV 999; Chiroptera indet. 2 (Marandat, 1991) Fournes, Minervois, France FNR-02*; Eochiroptera (Ravel et al. 2011) El Kohol, Algeria UT-KD-02, UT-KD-03.

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Hand, S.J., Sigé, B., Archer, M. et al. A New Early Eocene (Ypresian) Bat from Pourcy, Paris Basin, France, with Comments on Patterns of Diversity in the Earliest Chiropterans. J Mammal Evol 22, 343–354 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-015-9286-9

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