Effect of Different Gd³⁺ Ion Content on the Electric and Magnetic Properties of Lithium Antimony Ferrite

Abstract

A series of Li_0.5+zSb_zR_xFe_2.5−2z−xO₄ spinel ferrite with (R = Gd, z = 0.1 and 0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.200) Sintered at 1100 °C with heating rate of 4 °C/min have been prepared by standard ceramic technique. Structural studies have been performed using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Ac conductivity and dielectric constant as a function frequency and temperature are carried out. The replacement of Gd³⁺ ions as a rare earth element instead of Fe³⁺ ions affect directly on the electrical and magnetic properties. By increasing frequency, the conductivity increases because the pumping force of the applied frequency helps in transferring the charge carriers between the different conduction states. Introducing Gd ions into the samples reduce the magnetic moment owing to the decreasing Fe–Fe interaction. The effective magnetic moment also decreases with increasing magnetic field intensity. The general trend of the data is the decrease in TC with increasing the rare earth ionic radius, i.e., the ferromagnetic coupling between the A and B-sites increases with the decrease of the ionic radius of the rare earth ions if it enters the spinel lattice as the result of a small probability.