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Impacts of elevated CO2 on particulate and dissolved organic matter production: microcosm experiments using iron-deficient plankton communities in open subarctic waters

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Abstract

Response of phytoplankton to increasing CO2 in seawater in terms of physiology and ecology is key to predicting changes in marine ecosystems. However, responses of natural plankton communities especially in the open ocean to higher CO2 levels have not been fully examined. We conducted CO2 manipulation experiments in the Bering Sea and the central subarctic Pacific, known as high nutrient and low chlorophyll regions, in summer 2007 to investigate the response of organic matter production in iron-deficient plankton communities to CO2 increases. During the 14-day incubations of surface waters with natural plankton assemblages in microcosms under multiple pCO2 levels, the dynamics of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PN), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phosphorus (DOP) were examined with the plankton community compositions. In the Bering site, net production of POC, PN, and DOP relative to net chlorophyll-a production decreased with increasing pCO2. While net produced POC:PN did not show any CO2-related variations, net produced DOC:DOP increased with increasing pCO2. On the other hand, no apparent trends for these parameters were observed in the Pacific site. The contrasting results observed were probably due to the different plankton community compositions between the two sites, with plankton biomass dominated by large-sized diatoms in the Bering Sea versus ultra-eukaryotes in the Pacific Ocean. We conclude that the quantity and quality of the production of particulate and dissolved organic matter may be altered under future elevated CO2 environments in some iron-deficient ecosystems, while the impacts may be negligible in some systems.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the field assistance of the captain, officers, crew, and scientists aboard the T/S “Oshoro-maru”. We thank K. Sugita and A. Tsuzuku for their help on land in preparing the experiments, A. Murayama for nutrients analysis, and A. Matsuoka for POC and PN analysis. We also thank C. Norman for his help in improving the English of the manuscript. We acknowledge the editor and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments that significantly improved the manuscript. This work was conducted in the framework of the Plankton Ecosystem Response to CO2 Manipulation Study (PERCOM), and was supported by grants from CRIEPI (#060215) and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (#22681004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan

    Takeshi Yoshimura

  2. Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan

    Koji Suzuki

  3. Marine Biological Research Institute of Japan, 4-3-16 Yutaka-cho, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-0042, Japan

    Hiroshi Kiyosawa

  4. Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, 116 Katsurakoi, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 085-0802, Japan

    Tsuneo Ono

  5. Department of Marine Biology and Sciences, Tokai University, 5-1-1-1 Minamisawa, Minami-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 005-8601, Japan

    Hiroshi Hattori

  6. Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences and Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-0861, Japan

    Kenshi Kuma

  7. Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, North 19 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan

    Jun Nishioka

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Yoshimura, T., Suzuki, K., Kiyosawa, H. et al. Impacts of elevated CO2 on particulate and dissolved organic matter production: microcosm experiments using iron-deficient plankton communities in open subarctic waters. J Oceanogr 69, 601–618 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-013-0196-2

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