Abstract
This paper analyzes the singularity of artistic cultural sector workers in the Brazilian metropolitan labor market, considering the job satisfaction of artists that Throsby proposes in his work preference model of artist behavior (1994). We also examine the effect of public expenditures on the income of workers in the cultural sector. Using 2002 to 2010 data from the Monthly Employment Survey (PME) and administrative records from Finance of Brazil (FINBRA), we estimate a probit model and a wage equation. In our model, we estimate wages as a function of: (1) sociodemographic characteristics of workers, (2) a variable for informal jobs, (3) the number of working hours, (4) a variable for the worker having another job, (5) per capita expenditures on culture interacted with a dummy for artistic cultural workers, (6) interactive binary variables involving place of residence and artistic cultural workers and (7) the predicted probability obtained by the probit model. This probability is estimated based on the likelihood of working in a creative activity, considering both workers from the cultural sector and other workers, controlled by: (1) sociodemographic characteristics of workers, (2) characteristics of their jobs, (3) dummies for the metropolitan regions and (4) willingness of creative workers to work additional hours interacted with the number of hours worked. Our results show that workers in the cultural sector are likely to work longer hours when compared to workers in other sectors. For our wage equation, the results suggest that women earn relatively less than men and blacks earn less than whites. Furthermore, earnings increase with age and the level of education. Formal workers obtain higher earnings when compared to informal ones. Finally, an increase in the per capita public expenditure on the cultural sector raises the income of workers in artistic cultural occupations.
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Notes
Artistic cultural sector includes, in this paper, all occupations associated to arts and culture, considering only core activities.
Individuals working in the artistic sector when the survey was carried out or in the previous 3 to 5 years.
This definition is closer to the one used in this paper, although the concept of artistic cultural workers (explained later in the text) includes occupations which are not strictly artistic, such as journalists, architects and designers etc. See the definition in Sect. 3.1.
Psychic income.
See IBGE (2002).
The use of this interactive variable is explained in the next subsection.
Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brazil.
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Machado, A.F., Rabelo, A. & Moreira, A.G. Specificities of the artistic cultural labor market in Brazilian metropolitan regions between 2002 and 2010. J Cult Econ 38, 237–251 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-013-9210-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-013-9210-1