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Regional Demographic Dynamics in the Neolithic Transition in Iberia: Results from Summed Calibrated Date Analysis

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Abstract

This paper assesses long-term trends in human activity across the Iberian Peninsula associated with the spread of agriculture. In order to improve our understanding of regional trajectories within the two-way and multiple-velocity model proposed by Isern et al. (Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 21:447–460, 2014), we consider summed calibrated radiocarbon dates of a large audited dataset from across Iberia. To assess the role of different analytical units, two alternative peninsular divisions at different spatial resolutions were used: one, with three generalized study areas, and the second, with eight biogeographic regions. This comparison of spatio-temporal variability provides a more in-depth inter-regional reading of the Neolithic transition in Iberia than more generalized approaches. The southwest, Mediterranean coasts and interior portions of Iberia all showed significant demographic expansion with the onset of the Neolithic, as observed across Western Europe. By contrast, northern Iberia featured a close adherence to a null model of exponential growth and a longer continuation of hunter-gatherer strategies.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (BCS#1153568). ABG is recipient of grant FPDI-2013-17394 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy. The authors are especially grateful to Antonio Gilman for the radiocarbon database, Lily Doershuk for her help in preparing the raw data, Anna Waterman for her assistance on how to identify enriched 13C estimations on human bones, and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and criticisms, which helped improve the paper.

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  1. Department of Anthropology, MSC01-1040, Anthropology 1, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    B. Lee Drake

  2. Department of Prehistory, University of Valladolid, Plaza del Campus s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain

    Antonio Blanco-González

  3. Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, 114 Macbride Hall, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA

    Katina T. Lillios

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Supplemental Table 1 Codes: Site = Provenance of sample, SampleLabN = Sample Laboratory Number; 14C Year = Year BP uncalibrated; Sigma = standard deviation; δ13C = stable isotope ratio, CalAgeMedian = Median of the calibrated age; Material = material of the organic sample; Latitude, Longitude, Generalized Region, Biogeographic Region, Date Source = page number of reported date, Citation. (XLSX 163 kb)

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Supplemental Figure 1 SCDRD for Western Europe (Hinz et al. 2012a) with a significant deviation from the general linear model at the 2σ level between 7,500 and 6,000 cal BP, similar to the results obtained by Shennan et al. 2013. (TIFF 951 kb)

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Supplemental Figure 2 A Collapsed SCDRD, B Collapsed SCDPD, and C 200 year smoothed mean average collapsed SCDPD in the three generalized study areas. Light grey = 2σ (95.6%), and dark grey = 1σ (66.4%). (TIF 1486 kb)

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Supplemental Figure 3 A Uncollapsed SCDRD, B Uncollapsed SCDPD, and C 200 year smoothed mean average uncollapsed SCDPD in the three generalized study areas. Light grey = 2σ (95.6%), and dark grey = 1σ (66.4%). (TIF 1470 kb)

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Supplemental Figure 4 A Collapsed SCDRD, B Collapsed SCDPD, and C 200 year smoothed mean average collapsed SCDPD in the biogeographic study areas. Light grey = 2σ (95.6%), and dark grey = 1σ (66.4%). (TIF 3011 kb)

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Supplemental Figure 5 A Uncollapsed SCDRD, B Uncollapsed SCDPD, and C 200 year smoothed mean average uncollapsed SCDPD in the biogeographic study areas. Light grey = 2σ (95.6%), and dark grey = 1σ (66.4%). (TIF 3029 kb)

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Drake, B.L., Blanco-González, A. & Lillios, K.T. Regional Demographic Dynamics in the Neolithic Transition in Iberia: Results from Summed Calibrated Date Analysis. J Archaeol Method Theory 24, 796–812 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-016-9286-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-016-9286-y

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