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New application of kappa-carrageenan: producing pH-sensitive lappaconitine-loaded kappa-carrageenan microparticle using two-step self-assembly

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Abstract

pH-sensitive lappaconitine-loaded kappa-carrageenan microparticle (LA-KCG-MP), a degradable, high-load, ionic biopolymer, was prepared using a two-step self-assembly method. Cation exchange resin was selected to degrade kappa-carrageenan (KCG). By investigating the reaction time, temperature, and resin dose, the optimum reaction conditions were determined. Degraded KCG was then easily loaded with a hydrophobic drug, lappaconitine (LA), forming lappaconitine-loaded kappa-carrageenan (LA-KCG) by electrostatic self-assembly. LA-KCG-MP can be prepared by LA-KCG using secondary self-assembly by dialysis subsequently. The loading capacity, release behavior, and pH sensitivity of LA as well as its analgesic properties were determined. Results showed that KCG could be a novel natural polymeric carrier to load a hydrophobic alkaloid, since no synthetic polymer was involved. Furthermore, the loading capacity reached up to 26 % (w/w). Also, LA loaded with KCG was released faster in an acidic environment than that in a neutral environment. The loading capacity and pH sensitivity increased with a decrease in the molecular weight of KCG. In addition, animal analgesic experiments showed that LA-KCG-MP of low molecular weight had earlier onset time and longer duration. These results suggested that KCG of low molecular weight had great potential to achieve the synergistic effect of LA.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation project (2012M520609), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20131515120014), Excellent Young Scientist Foundation of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University of China (2014XYQ-15), and Science and Technology Plan Projects of Lanzhou of China (2012-2-92). We also acknowledge the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Room 407, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China

    Wenxiu Sun, Tungalag Dong & Ye Jin

  2. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS), University of Alberta, T6G 2P5, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Wenxiu Sun, Marleny D. A. Saldaña & Yujia Zhao

  3. College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China

    Wenxiu Sun & Ji Zhang

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  1. Wenxiu Sun
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  2. Marleny D. A. Saldaña
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  3. Yujia Zhao
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  4. Tungalag Dong
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  5. Ye Jin
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  6. Ji Zhang
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Correspondence to Wenxiu Sun.

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Sun, W., Saldaña, M.D.A., Zhao, Y. et al. New application of kappa-carrageenan: producing pH-sensitive lappaconitine-loaded kappa-carrageenan microparticle using two-step self-assembly. J Appl Phycol 28, 2041–2050 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0712-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0712-4

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