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Alpha-amylase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Eucheuma denticulatum (N.L. Burman) F.S. Collins and Hervey

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Abstract

Eucheuma denticulatum is a red edible seaweed that grows in the East Malaysia coastal region. The objective of this study was to investigate the α-amylase, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of E. denticulatum ethanol extract and its three fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and acetone). α-Amylase activity was assessed by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay, while the antioxidant property was determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) analysis. The anti-inflammatory effects of the seaweed samples were evaluated by nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) activities on the interferon-gamma/lipopolysaccharide (IFN-γ/LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) using Griess reaction and immunoassays, respectively. At 10 mg mL−1, E. denticulatum ethanol extract and three fractions inhibited α-amylase activities at variable levels. The highest (67 %) inhibition of α-amylase enzyme was by the ethanol crude extract. The three fractions showed inhibition with a mean of 42 %. Crude ethanol extracts also exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (36,400 ± 23.5 mol Trolox equivalent (TE) (100 g)−1) when compared to the fractions. Crude extract and fractions (1–100 μg mL−1), also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity without showing any cytotoxic effect to RAW 264.7 cells. The present study suggests that E. denticulatum has the potential to be a promising source of effective functional metabolite. An extensive research on the edible varieties would contribute to a better understanding of their importance as functional food.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Director General of Health Malaysia and the Director of Institute for Medical Research (IMR) for giving the permission to publish this article. We also thank the staff of the Nutrition Unit, Institute for Medical Research for their continuous support. We sincerely thank the Department of Fisheries Sabah, Malaysia, for their help and support to obtain the seaweed samples. Special thanks to Ms. Ang Jo-Lyn for her invaluable assistance for this project. This project was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia (No. 12–011).

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrition Unit, Cardiovascular, Diabetes & Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Vimala Balasubramaniam & Mohd Fairunizal Mohd Noh

  2. Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    June Chelyn Lee

  3. Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Syahida Ahmad

  4. Food and Human Nutrition Department, Nanyang Polytechnic, Newcastle University office, 180 Ang Mo Kio, Avenue 8, 569830, Singapore, Singapore

    Iain A. Brownlee

  5. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Vimala Balasubramaniam & Amin Ismail

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  1. Vimala Balasubramaniam
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Correspondence to Vimala Balasubramaniam.

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Balasubramaniam, V., Lee, J.C., Noh, M.F.M. et al. Alpha-amylase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Eucheuma denticulatum (N.L. Burman) F.S. Collins and Hervey. J Appl Phycol 28, 1965–1974 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0690-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0690-6

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