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Evolution of ancient lake bivalves: the Lymnocardiinae (Cardiidae) of the Caspian Sea

  • SPECIATION IN ANCIENT LAKES 6
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Abstract

The Caspian Sea as the largest continental water body in the world is known for its comparably high levels of biodiversity and endemism, also in mollusks. The evolution of a euryhaline taxon of cardiid bivalves, the Lymnocardiinae of the Ponto-Caspian region, remains unclear today. We studied material from the whole recent range of Lymnocardiinae (i.e., the Caspian, the Azov, and the Black Seas) using a LSU rDNA phylogeny aiming at (a) testing the monophyly of Lymnocardiinae and (b) determining the phylogenetic relationships within Cardiidae. Lymnocardiinae s.str. were monophyletic, i.e., a distinct group that included species of Hypanis, Didacna, and Monodacna. Lymnocardiinae as often understood, i.e., including Cerastoderma, are not monophyletic in our analysis and Cerastoderma should thus be transferred to Cardiinae. The Lymnocardiinae s.str. had a shallow tree topology and were poorly resolved. No clearcut biogeographical pattern could be derived from the phylogeny, i.e., species stemming from respective Ponto-Caspian regions, do not necessarily cluster together. We discuss a scenario of the evolutionary history and biogeographical (as well as taxonomic) implications. Given the complex history of the Ponto-Caspian region and the Caspian Sea in particular, the Lymnocardiinae would represent an interesting study object for addressing the consequences of environmental changes on biotic evolution at various spatial and temporal scales.

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Acknowledgments

Many thanks go to N. Aladin (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg), A. Audzijonyte (CSIRO, Hobart), K. Bandel (Hamburg University), A. Filippov (ECOPROJECT JSC, St. Petersburg), J. Klute (formerly FU Berlin), N. Mugue (Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow) for their help during field work, to P. Tarasov (FU Berlin) for translating Russian literature. V. Anistratenko (Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev) kindly provided important material for this study. An anonymous reviewer and F. Wesselingh (Naturalis Leiden) provided important suggestions on an earlier version of this paper/manuscript. F. Wesselingh kindly helped with species identification and taxonomic issues. The CEMarin—Center of Excellence in Marine Sciences—is acknowledged for its support of this study. The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft provided financial support.

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  1. Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392, Giessen, Germany

    Christian Albrecht & Sergej Sereda

  2. Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany

    Thomas von Rintelen

  3. Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249, Berlin, Germany

    Frank Riedel

  4. Key Laboratory of Plateau Lake Ecology and Global Change, Yunnan Normal University, 650092, Kunming, China

    Frank Riedel

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  1. Christian Albrecht
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Guest editors: T. von Rintelen, R. M. Marwoto, G. D. Haffner & F. Herder / Speciation in Ancient Lakes – Classic Concepts and New Approaches

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Albrecht, C., von Rintelen, T., Sereda, S. et al. Evolution of ancient lake bivalves: the Lymnocardiinae (Cardiidae) of the Caspian Sea. Hydrobiologia 739, 85–94 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-1908-3

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