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Production, nutrient cycling and soil compaction to grazing of grass companion cropping with corn and soybean

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Abstract

Agricultural management systems are needed to simultaneously enhance production, promote plant diversity, improve nutrient cycling and reduce soil compaction. We investigated the effects of intercropped forage grass on production of corn (Zea mays L.) harvested for silage at 0.20 and 0.45 m height in the summer, as well as on production of subsequent forage, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] harvested for silage, nutrient cycling and soil responses on a Typic Haplorthox in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Palisade grass cv. BRS Piatã [Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã] was the introduced companion crop with corn (Years 1 and 2), while signal grass [Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk] was the residual weedy species in comparison. Guineagrass cv. Aruãna [Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruãna] was the introduced companion crop with soybean (Year 3), with only a residual effect of crop systems from the previous two years. After the corn silage harvest, pasture was grazed by lambs in winter/spring using a semi-feedlot system. When cut at 0.45 m compared with 0.20 m height, corn intercropped with palisade grass had greater leaf nutrient concentration, improved agronomic characteristics, forage mass of pasture for grazing by lambs, greater surface mulch produced, and greater quantity of N, P and K returned to soil. Greater soil organic matter, P, K and Mg concentration, and base saturation in the surface soil depth and lower soil penetration resistance at all depths occurred at 0.45 m than at 0.20 m corn silage cutting height intercropped with palisade grass. Analyzing the system as a whole, harvesting corn silage crop with palisade grass intercrop at 0.45 m height was the most viable option in this integrated crop-livestock system.

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Abbreviations

BS:

Base saturation

CEC:

Cation exchange capacity

DAD:

Days after desiccation

HFPI:

Height of the first pod insertion

ICLS:

Integrated crop-livestock system

NE:

Number of ears per hectare

NTS:

No-till system

PP:

Plant population

SPR:

Soil penetration resistance

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (Grant #2011/12155-3 and #2010/12992-0) and the Foundation for the development of UNESP (FUNDUNESP) (Grant #0538/011/14-PROPe/CDC) for the financial support, as well as the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for the grant to the first author and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for an award for excellence in research to the second, third and sixth authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil

    Cristiano M. Pariz, Ciniro Costa, Paulo R. L. Meirelles, André M. Castilhos, Daniel M. Souza & Verena M. Protes

  2. Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

    Carlos A. C. Crusciol, Nídia R. Costa & Jorge M. Martello

  3. Department of Soil Science, College of Engineering, UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

    Marcelo Andreotti

  4. Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

    Vanessa Z. Longhini

  5. North Carolina State University, USDA–ARS, 3218 Williams Hall, Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7619, USA

    Alan J. Franzluebbers

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  1. Cristiano M. Pariz
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  2. Ciniro Costa
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  3. Carlos A. C. Crusciol
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Correspondence to Cristiano M. Pariz, Carlos A. C. Crusciol or Alan J. Franzluebbers.

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Pariz, C.M., Costa, C., Crusciol, C.A.C. et al. Production, nutrient cycling and soil compaction to grazing of grass companion cropping with corn and soybean. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 108, 35–54 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9821-y

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