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Soybean yield and nutrition after tropical forage grasses

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Abstract

In tropical agroecosystems, intercropping crops and including perennial forages can increase crop system diversity and sustainability. However, adequate management of cash crops in crop rotation under no-till requires an understanding of the release of nutrients by surface mulch. This study evaluated the effects of two sowing times and nitrogen (N) management of palisade grass [Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf Marandu] and guinea grass [Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs Tanzania] on forage production, nutrient accumulation, and decomposition rates; soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] yield; and soil chemical properties over three growing seasons. Palisade and guinea grasses were sown for intercropping with sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the growing season or after sorghum silage harvest (hereafter succession) and subjected to N fertilization management (urea − 0 and 70 kg N ha−1 cut−1, totalling 210 kg N ha−1 per season) during the off-season. Nitrogen fertilization increased nutrient accumulation in surface mulch in all cropping systems. Regardless of cropping system, N rates, or growing season, palisade and guinea grass provided an adequate plant biomass production, soil cover throughout the year, soybean nutrient use efficiency, and soil quality. Soybean was positively influenced by N fertilization of grasses sown in succession to sorghum. Guinea grass had the greatest effect on soybean grain yield, with an improvement of 0.8 Mg ha−1. Sowing grasses in succession to sorghum positively affected soil pH, Ca, Mg, and base saturation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for financial support (Registry No.: 2011/01057-0) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for an award for excellence in research to the second, third, and tenth authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agricultural Science, Department of Crop Science, UNESP, Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil

    Nídia Raquel Costa, Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, João William Bossolani, Isabô Melina Pascoaloto & Juliano Carlos Calonego

  2. College of Engineering, Department of Soil Science, UNESP, Ilha Solteira, State of São Paulo, Brazil

    Marcelo Andreotti

  3. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding, UNESP, Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil

    Cristiano Magalhães Pariz & André Michel de Castilhos

  4. College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, UNESP, Ilha Solteira, State of São Paulo, Brazil

    César Gustavo da Rocha Lima

  5. College of Agronomic and Technological Sciences, UNESP, Dracena, State of São Paulo, Brazil

    Carolina dos Santos Batista Bonini

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  1. Nídia Raquel Costa
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Costa, N.R., Andreotti, M., Crusciol, C.A.C. et al. Soybean yield and nutrition after tropical forage grasses. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 121, 31–49 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-021-10157-2

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