Abstract
The phenotype and adaptability of an individual tree is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In this study, the genetic parameters of growth traits for 40 poplar clones at three different sites (Lishu, Cuohai, and Fujin) in northeastern China were investigated and analyzed. ANOVAs showed that all effects were significantly different (P < 0.001). The phenotypic coefficients of variation of different traits ranged from 14.84% (height in Lishu) to 23.61% (basal diameter in Fujin). The repeatability of the different traits varied from 0.81 (height in Fujin) to 0.97 (basal diameter in Lishu). Genotype × environment interaction models showed that populations G33, G38, and G32 were stable and high-yielding clones, and Lishu was considered an ideal test environment that was representative of poplar clone populations and allowed for discrimination between traits. The stability analysis indicated that some clones showed high basal diameters but were sensitive to environmental conditions, whereas others had moderate basal diameters but were adapted to environmental conditions, which suggested that elite clones should be selected separately for different sites. Based on the growth traits, with a selection rate of 10%, four clones were selected at each site, and the genetic gains of growth traits ranged from 9.99% (height) to 25.45% (basal diameter). These superior clones will provide materials for forestland renewal in semiarid regions, and the results in the present research contribute to a theoretical foundation for the selection of poplar tree individuals.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmed AKM, Jiang LP, Wang F, Chen S, Zhou XY, Pei XN, Zhao XY, Qu GZ (2020) Variation analysis of growth traits of four poplar clones under different water and fertilizer management. J for Res 31(01):45–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-00888-y
Akalusi ME, Bourque CPA (2018) Effect of climatic variation on the morphological characteristics of 37-year-old balsam fir provenances planted in a common garden in New Brunswick. Canada Ecol Evol 8(6):3208–3218. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3852
Akihiro S, Tomiyasu M, Hitoshi T (2013) Relationships of tree height and diameter at breast height revisited: analyses of stem growth using 20-year data of an even-aged Chamaecyparis obtusa stand. Tree Physiol 1:106–118. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tps127
Anderson MJ (2001) A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecol 26(1):32–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2001.tb00081.x
Ansarifard I, Mostafavi K, Khosroshahli M, Bihamta MR, Ramshini H (2020) A study on genotype–environment interaction based on GGE biplot graphical method in sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.). Food Sci Nutr 8(17):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1610
Berrill JP, O’Hara KL (2014) Estimating site productivity in irregular stand structures by indexing the basal area or volume increment of the dominant species. Can J for Res 44(1):92–100. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0230
Berta M, Giovannelli A, Sebastiani F, Camussi A, Racchi ML (2010) Transcriptome changes in the cambial region of poplar (Populus alba L.) in response to water deficit. Plant Biol 12(2):341–354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00320.x
Braga RC, Paludeto JGZ, Souza BM, Aguiar AV, Pollnow MFM, Carvalho AGM, Tambarussi EV (2020) Genetic parameters and genotype×environment interaction in Pinus taeda clonal tests. For Ecol Manag 474:118342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118342
Burdon RD (1977) Genetic correlation as a concept for studying genotype-environment interaction in forest tree breeding. Silvae Genet 26(5–6):168–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-619X(77)90002-6
Caliskan ME, Sogut T, Boydak E, Erturk E, Arioglu H (2007) Growth, yield, and quality of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) lam.) cultivars in the southeastern Anatolian and East Mediterranean regions of Turkey. Turk J Agric for 31(4):213–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-006-0105-z
Chen ZQ, Yuan HS, Wu SR, Wang DL (2017) Effects of tree species selection and allocation on forest ecosystem services. World for Res 30(1):31–36
Confalonieri M, Balestrazzi A, Bisoffi S, Carbonera D (2003) In vitro culture and genetic engineering of Populus spp synergy for forest tree improvement. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 72(2):109–138. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022265504775
Dalló SC, Zdziarski AD, Woyann LG, Milioli AS, Benin G (2019) Across year and year-by-year GGE biplot analysis to evaluate soybean performance and stability in multi-environment trials. Euphytica 215:113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-019-2438-x
Dhillon GPS, Singh A, Sidhu DS, Brar HS (2013) Variation among poplar clones for growth and crown traits under field conditions at two sites of North-western India. J for Res 24(01):61–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-012-0269-x
Diao S, Hou YM, Xie YH, Sun XM (2016) Age trends of genetic parameters, early selection and family by site interactions for growth traits in Larix kaempferi open-pollinated families. BMC Genet 17:104. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-016-0400-7
Dias A, Gaspar MJ, Carvalho A, Pires J, Lima-Brito J, Silva ME, Louzada JL (2018) Within-and between-tree variation of wood density components in Pinus nigra at six sites in Portugal. Ann Forest Sci 75:58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0734-6
Duan LM, Yan X, Liu TX, Wang GL, Tong X (2019) Photosynthetic physiological characteristics of artificial Populous in semi-arid area under multiple scenarios. J Soil Water Conserv 33(1):213–220
Favour E, Emeka N, Chiedozie E, Bunmi O, Emmanuel O (2017) Genetic variability, heritability and variance components of some yield and yield related traits in second backcross population (BC2) of cassava. Afr J Plant Sci 11(6):1845–2189. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2015.1324
Fries A (2012) Genetic parameters, genetic gain and correlated responses in growth, fibre dimensions and wood density in a Scots pine breeding population. Ann Forest Sci 69(7):783–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-012-0202-7
Fukatsu E, Hiraoka Y, Matsunaga K, Tsubomura M, Nakada R (2015) Genetic relationship between wood properties and growth traits in Larix kaempferi obtained from a diallel mating test. J Wood Sci 61(1):10–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-014-1436-9
Hart QJ, Tittmann PW, Bandaru V, Jenkins BM (2015) Modeling poplar growth as a short rotation woody crop for biofuels in the Pacific Northwest. Biomass Bioenergy 79:12–27
He J, Dong T, Huang K, Yang Y, Li D, Xu X, He X (2017) Sex-specific floral morphology, biomass, and phytohormones associated with altitude in dioecious Populus cathayana populations. Ecol Evol 7(11):3976–3986. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2808
Huang DM, Da M, Xie XZ, Bai GP, Xie J (2018) Application of AMMI model and GGE biplot in Rape regional trial of Hubei. Hubei Agric Sci 57(12):24–29. https://doi.org/10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.12.007
Ianovici N, Batalu A, Hriscu D, Datcu AD (2020) Phytomonitoring study on intra urban variations of leaves of some evergreen and deciduous trees. Ecol Indic 114:106313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106313
Ju W (2016) Study on isolation and identification of high efficient potassium bacteria from poplar rhizospheric soil. Master. Nanjing Forestry University
Laurie SM, Booyse M (2015) Employing the GGE SREG model plus Elston index values for multiple trait selection in sweetpotato. Euphytica 204(2):433–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1359-6
Li SW, Zhang ZY, He CZ (2004) An XM Progress on hybridization breeding of poplar in China. World for Res 17(2):37–41. https://doi.org/10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2004.02.010
Li YJ, Apiolaza LA, Clemens A (2018) Genetic variation in heartwood properties and growth traits of Eucalyptus bosistoana. Eur J for Res 137:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-018-1125-0
Liang D, Ding CJ, Zhao GH, Leng WW, Zhang M, Zhao XY, Qu GZ (2018) Variation and selection analysis of Pinus koraiensis clones in northeast China. J for Res 29:611–622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-017-0471-y
Liu MR, Yin SP, Si DJ, Shao LT, Li Y, Zheng M, Wang FW, Li SC, Liu GF, Zhao XY (2015a) Variation and genetic stability analyses of transgenic TaLEA poplar clones from four different sites in China. Euphytica 206(2):331–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1471-7
Liu DK, Liu MR, Li ZX, Wang GY, Li Y, Zheng M, Liu GF, Zhao XY (2015b) Variation analysis of growth traits of transgenic Populus simonii×P nigra clones carrying TaLEA gene. Bull Bot Res 35(4):540–546. https://doi.org/10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2015.04.011
Lv Y, Liu Y, Fang SZ, Tian Y, Xu XZ (2018) Genetic variation in growth and wood properties for southern type poplar clones. J Nanjing for Univ (nat Sci) 42(6):20–26
Mamata BKH, Ekta H (2019) A new index for evaluation of G×E interaction in pearl millet using AMMI and GGE biplot analyses. Indian J Agric Res 53(5):29–535
Meena BL, Das SP, Meena SK, Kumari R, Devi HL (2017) Assessment of GCV, PCV, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and its Components in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 6(5):1025–1033. https://doi.org/10.5958/j.2229-4473.26.2.072
Mekbib F (2003) Yield stability in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Euphytica 130(2):147–153. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022878015943
Montes CS, Hernández RE, Beaulieu J, Weber JC (2008) Genetic variation in wood color and its correlations with tree growth and wood density of Calycophyllum spruceanum at an early age in the Peruvian Amazon. New for 35(1):57–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-007-9060-9
Mwase WF, Savill PS, Hemery G (2008) Genetic parameter estimates for growth and form traits in common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior, L.) in a breeding seedling orchard at Little Wittenham in England. New for 36(3):225–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-008-9095-6
Ogbonnaya FC, Rasheed A, Okechukwu EC, Jighly A, Makdis F, Wuletaw T, Hagras A, Uguru MI, Agbo CU (2017) Genome-wide association study for agronomic and physiological traits in spring wheat evaluated in a range of heat prone environments. Theor Appl Genet 130(9):1819–1835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-2927-z
Omoigui LO, Kamara AY, Ajeigbe HA, Akinwale RO, Timko MP, Oyekunle M, Bello LL (2017) Performance of cowpea varieties under Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke infestation using biplot analysis. Euphytica 213(11):244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-2034-x10.1007/s10681-017-2034-x
Safavi SA, Pourdad SS, Taeb M, Khosroshahli M (2010) Assessment of genetic variation among safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) accessions using agro-morphological traits and molecular markers. J Food Agric Environ 8(3):616–625. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2790
Mebratu A, Wegary D, Mohammed W, Teklewold A, Tarekegne A (2019) Genotype × environment interaction of quality protein maize hybrids under contrasting management conditions in Eastern and Southern Africa. Crop Sci 59(4):1576–1589. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2018.12.0722
Singh B, Das A, Parihar AK, Bhagawati B, Singh D, Pathak KN, Dwivedi K, Das N, Keshari N, Midha RL, Kumar R, Pratap A, Kumar V, Gupta S (2020) Delineation of genotype-by-environment interactions for identification and validation of resistant genotypes in mungbean to root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne incognita ) using GGE biplot. Sci Rep 10(11):94100. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60820-x
Sixto H, Gil PM, Ciria P, Camps F, Sánchez M, Canellas I, Voltas J (2014) Performance of hybrid poplar clones in short rotation coppice in Mediterranean environments: analysis of genotypic stability. GCB Bioenergy 6(6):661–671. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12079
Sixto H, Gil PM, Ciria P, Camps F, Canellas I, Voltas J (2016) Interpreting genotype by environment interaction for biomass production in hybrid poplars under short rotation coppice in Mediterranean environments. GCB Bioenergy 8:1124–1135. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12313
Su XH, Ding CJ, Ma CG (2010) Research progress and strategies of poplar breeding in China. For Res 23(1):31–37. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1238.2010.00474
Wang RH, Hu DH, Zheng HQ, Yan S, Wei RP (2016) Genotype × environmental interaction by AMMI and GGE biplot analysis for the provenances of Michelia chapensis in South China. J for Res 27:659–664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-015-0181-2
Wang JJ, Weng YH, Krasowski M, Yan GH, Fullarton M (2018) Genetic parameters of growth and stem forking for black spruce progeny tested in New Brunswick. Canada New Forest 49(2):265–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-017-9618-0
Xia H, Zhao GH, Zhang LS, Sun XY, Yin SP, Liang DY, Li Y, Mi Z, Zhao XY (2016) Genetic and variation analyses of growth traits of half-sib Larix olgensis families in northeastern China. Euphytica 212(3):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1765-4
Yan WK (2010) Optimal use of biplots in analysis of multi-location variety test data. Acta Agron Sin 36(11):1805–1819. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01805
Yan WK (2001) GGEbiplot— a windows application for graphical analysis of multienvironment trial data and other types of two-way data. Agron J 93(5):1111–1118. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.9351111x
Yarie J, Cleve KV (2010) Long-term monitoring of climatic and nutritional affects on tree growth in interior Alaska. Can J for Res 40(7):1325–1335. https://doi.org/10.1139/x10-114
Yin SP, Xiao ZH, Zhao GH, Zhao X, Sun XY, Zhang Y, Wang FW, Li SC, Zhao XY, Quan GZ (2017) Variation analyses of growth and wood properties of larix olgensis clones in China. J for Res 28(4):687–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-016-0359-2
Zhang H, Liu XT, Chen S, Zhou XY, Si DJ, Li Y, Zhao XY (2020a) Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in leaves of triploid Populus simonii × P nigra hybrid clones under salt stress. J Nanjing for Univ (nat Sci) 44(2):59–66. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904027
Zhang JG, Wang XP (2002) Issue on Preferential Species of Certain Soil in Re-afforestation Engineering of Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi. J Desert Res 22(5):489–494. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfls.2001.0409
Zhang W, Hu J, Yang Y, Lin Y (2020b) One compound approach combining factor-analytic model with AMMI and GGE biplot to improve multi-environment trials analysis. J for Res 31(01):123–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-018-0846-8
Zhao XY, Hou W, Zheng H, Zhang Z (2013) Analyses of Genotypic variation in white poplar clones at four sites in China. Silvae Genet 62(1–6):187–195. https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2013-0023
Zhao XY, Xia H, Wang XW, Wang C, Liang DY, Li KL, Liu GF (2016) Variance and stability analyses of growth characters in half-sib Betula platyphylla families at three different sites in China. Euphytica 208(1):173–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1617-7
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFD0600404) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2572020R01) for supporting this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: J.L., Z.X. Performed the experiments: J.L.P.X. Analyzed the data: P.X., H.Y. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: X.Z., J.L. Wrote the paper: J.L., V.C. Critical reading of the manuscript: V.C., X.Z.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, L., Pei, X., Hu, Y. et al. Effects of environment and genotype on growth traits in poplar clones in Northeast China. Euphytica 217, 169 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02894-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02894-w