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Biological response to physical processes in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean: a case study in the coastal and oceanic waters

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Abstract

The spatial variation of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and factors influencing the high Chl a were studied during austral summer based on the physical and biogeochemical parameters collected near the coastal waters of Antarctica in 2010 and a zonal section along 60°S in 2011. In the coastal waters, high Chl a (>3 mg m−3) was observed near the upper layers (∼15 m) between 53°30′E and 54°30′E. A comparatively higher mesozooplankton biomass (53.33 ml 100 m−3) was also observed concordant with the elevated Chl a. Low saline water formed by melting of glacial ice and snow, as well as deep mixed-layer depth (60 m) due to strong wind (>11 ms−1) could be the dominant factors for this biological response. In the open ocean, moderately high surface Chl a was observed (>0.6 mg m−3) between 47°E and 50°E along with a Deep Chlorophyll Maximum of ∼1 mg m−3 present at 30–40 m depth. Melt water advected from the Antarctic continent could be the prime reason for this high Chl a. The mesozooplankton biomass (22.76 ml 100 m−3) observed in the open ocean was comparatively lower than that in the coastal waters. Physical factors such as melting, advection of melt water from Antarctic continent, water masses and wind-induced vertical mixing may be the possible reasons that led to the increase in phytoplankton biomass (Chl a).

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India. We are thankful to Director, NCAOR, for his constant support and encouragement. We are indebted to Ms. Usha Parameshwaran and Dr. Abdul Jaleel, CMLRE, Kochi, for the statistical analysis. The authors acknowledge the contribution towards data collection and analysis carried out by Dr. Sini Pavithran, Dr. Mandar Nanajkar, Dr. Deepti Dessai and Ms. Sharon B. Noronha. Help rendered in the implementation and completion of this study by cruise participants and staff at NCAOR is acknowledged. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewer for the valuable suggestions. This is NCAOR contribution no 18/2014.

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  1. National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-gama, Goa, 403804, India

    N. Anilkumar, Racheal Chacko, P. Sabu, Honey U. K. Pillai, Jenson V. George & C. T. Achuthankutty

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  1. N. Anilkumar
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Anilkumar, N., Chacko, R., Sabu, P. et al. Biological response to physical processes in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean: a case study in the coastal and oceanic waters. Environ Monit Assess 186, 8109–8124 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3990-4

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