Abstract
Viewing police as important cultural producers, we ask how police power fashions structures of feeling and social imaginaries of the “war on drugs” in small towns of the rural Midwest. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and a collection of interviews focusing on police officers’ beliefs about the causes of crime and drug use, we locate a narrative of rural decline attributed to the producers and users of methamphetamine. We argue this narrative supports punitive and authoritarian sensibilities and broader narcopolitical projects more generally and ignores long-standing social inequalities observed in rural communities. As such, the cultural work of rural police provides important insight to the shape and direction of late-modern crime control beyond the familiar terrains of the city and its “ghetto.”
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Google Scholar returns over 4,000 hits on the keywords “Mayberry Policing.”
And more recently the disparate rural geographies detailed in Hogg and Carrington’s (2006) Policing the Rural Crisis.
Charles Taylor’s “social imaginaries” bears close resemblance to Raymond Williams’ “structures of feeling” and Bourdieu’s “habitus” (Loader and Walker 2007:44).
Fieldwork occurred in 2010.
Explaining this, Weisheit and Wells (2010) suggest more racially diverse large cities are also able to support more diverse drug markets, hence the cultural script that “white culture has moved more towards the meth” and “black culture seems like they stay with crack cocaine.”
Trademarked slogan of the largest anti-meth group The Meth Project.org.
References
Bageant, J. (2007). Deer hunting with Jesus: Dispatches from America’s class War. New York: Crown Publishers.
Bell, M. (1997). The ghosts of place. Theory and Society, 26(6), 813–836.
Bell, M. (2007). The two-ness of rural life and the ends of rural scholarship. Journal of Rural Studies, 23(4), 402–415.
Bell, M., Lloyd, S., & Vatovec, C. (2010). Activating the countryside: Rural power, the power of the rural, and the making of rural politics. Sociologia Ruralis, 50, 3.
Bell, M., & Osti, G. (2010). Mobilities and ruralities: An introduction. Sociologia Ruralis, 50, 3.
Bettmann, O. (1974). The good old days--they were terrible! (pp. 152–153). New York: Random House.
Bogazianos, D. A. (2012). Five Grams. NYU Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1987). The force of law: Toward a sociology of the juridical field. Hastings Law Journal, 38, 805–857.
Bourgois, P. (2003). In search of respect: Selling crack in El Barrio. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Vol. 10).
Brodeur, J. P. (2010). The policing web. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chambliss, W. (2001). Power, politics and crime. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Cloke, P., & Little, J. (1997). Introduction: other countrysides. Contested countryside cultures: otherness, marginalisation and rurality (pp. 1–17). London: Routledge.
Donnermeyer, J. F., & DeKeseredy, W. S. (2008). Toward a rural critical criminology. Southern Rural Sociology, 23(2), 4–28.
Elwood, W. (1994). Rhetoric in the war on drugs: The triumph and tragedies of public relations. Westport: Praeger.
Fernandez, L. (2008). Policing dissent: Social control and the anti-globalization movement. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Ferrell, J. (1997). Criminological verstehen: Inside the immediacy of crime. Justice Quarterly, 14(1), 3–23.
Ferrell, J. (2013). Cultural criminology and the politics of meaning. Critical Criminology, 21(3), 257–271.
Frank, T. (2005). What’s the matter with kansas?: How conservatives won the heart of America. New York: Holt Paperbacks.
Garland, D. (2001). The culture of control: Crime and social order in contemporary society. Oxford: OUP Oxford. (Vol. 77).
Garriott, W. (2011). Policing methamphetamine: Narcopolitics in rural America. New York: New York University Press.
Halfacree, K. (1996). Out of place in the country: Travellers and the ‘rural idyll. Antipode, 28, 42–72.
Hall, S. (2009). Preface. In R. Coleman, J. Sim, S. Tombs, & D. Whyte (Eds.), State, power, crime. London: Sage.
Hall, S., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T., Clarke, J., & Roberts, B. (1978). Policing the crisis: Mugging, the state and law and order. London: Macmillan.
Herbert, S. (1997). Policing space: Territoriality and the Los Angeles police department. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Hirschfield, P., & Simon, D. (2010). Legitimating police violence newspaper narratives of deadly force. Theoretical Criminology, 14(2), 155–182.
Hogg, R., & Carrington, K. (2006). Policing the rural crisis. Sydney: Federation Press.
Kansas Bureau of Investigation. (2011, June 30). Kansas Bureau of Investigation Arrest Statistics. Retrieved May 22, 2011, from Kansas Bureau of Investigation: http://www.accesskansas.org/kbi/stats/docs/pdf/Adult%20Arrests%202009.pdf.
Kimbrell, J. (2004). Barney Fife Need Not Apply. The Junction City Daily Union, p. 7.
Lee, M., & McGovern, A. (2012). Image work (s): The New Police (Popularity) Culture. In K. Carrington, M. Ball, E. O'Brien, & J. Tauri (Eds.), Crime, Justice and Social Democracy: International Perspectives (pp. 120–133). Palgrave Macmillan.
Linnemann, T. (2010). Mad men, meth moms, moral panic: Gendering meth crimes in the Midwest. Critical Criminology, 18(2), 95–110.
Linnemann, T. (2013). Governing through meth: Local politics, drug control and the drift toward securitization. Crime, Media, Culture, 9(1), 39–61.
Linnemann, T., Hanson, L., & Williams, L. S. (2013). With scenes of blood and pain: Crime control and the punitive imagination of the meth project. British Journal of Criminology, 53(4), 605–623.
Linnemann, T., & Wall, T. (2013). ‘This is your face on meth’: The punitive spectacle of ‘white trash’ in the rural war on drugs. Theoretical Criminology, 17(3), 315–334.
Loader, I. (1997). Policing and the social: Questions of symbolic power. British Journal of Sociology, 48(1), 1–18.
Loader, I., & Mulcahy, A. (2001a). The power of legitimate naming: Part I—chief constables as social commentators in post-war England. British Journal of Criminology, 41, 41–55.
Loader, I., & Mulcahy, A. (2001b). The power of legitimate naming: Part II—making sense of the elite police voice. British Journal of Criminology, 41, 252–265.
Loader, I., & Walker, N. (2007). Civilizing security. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lovell, J. (2009). Crimes of dissent: Civil disobedience, criminal justice and the politics of conscience. New York: New York University Press.
Marx, K. (1907). The eighteenth brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. Chocago: Charles H. Kerr & Company.
Mawby, R. (2013). Policing Images. Willan.
Muhammad, K. G. (2010). Condemnation of Blackness: race, crime, and the making of modern urban America. Harvard University Press.
Neocleous, M. (2000). Fabrication of social order: A critical theory of police power. Sterling, VA: Pluto Press.
Neocleous, M. (2011). A brighter and nicer new life: Security as pacification. Social & Legal Studies, 20, 191.
Owen, F. (2007). No speed limit: The highs and lows of meth. New York: St. Martin’s.
Payne, B., Berg, B., & Sun, I. (2005). Policing in small town America: Dogs, drunks, disorder and dysfunction. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(1), 31–41.
Pemberton, S. (2008). Demystifying deaths in police custody: Challenging state talk. Social & Legal Studies, 17(2), 237–262.
Reding, N. (2010). Methland: The death and life of an American small town. USA: Bloomsbury.
Reiner, R. (2000). The politics of the police. Oxford: Oxforud University Press.
Scott, D. (2004). Conscripts of modernity: The tragedy of colonial enlightenment. Durham: Duke University Press.
Sibley, D. (1995). Geographies of exclusion. London: Routledge.
Sim, J. (2000). One thousand days of degradation: New labour and old compromises at the turn of the century. Social Justice, 27, 168–192.
Sim, J. (2004). The victimized state and the mystification of social harm. In P. Hillyard, C. Pantaziz, D. Gordon, & S. Tombs (Eds.), Beyond criminology: Taking harm seriously. London: Pluto Press.
Simon, J. (2007). Governing through crime: How the war on crime transformed American democracy and created a culture of fear. Oxford: New York City.
Steinert, H. (2003). The indispensable metaphor of war: On Populist politics and the contradictions of the state’s monopoly of force. Theoretical Criminology, 7(3), 265–291.
Stevens, A. (2007). When two dark figures collide: Evidence and discourse on drug-related crime. Critical Social Policy, 27(1), 77–99.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2009). National survey on drug use and health: Volume I. summary of national findingsresults from the 2009. Rockville, MD: Office of Applied Studies, DHHS.
Taylor, C. (2004). Modern social imaginaries. Durham: Duke University Press.
Tunnell, K. D. (2004). Cultural constructions of the hillbilly heroin and crime problem. In Jeff. Ferrell, Keith. Hayward, Wayne. Morrison, & Michael. Presdee (Eds.), Cultural criminology unleashed (pp. 133–142). London: Cavendish.
Tunnell, K. D. (2006). Socially disorganized rural communities. Crime, Media, Culture, 2(3), 332–337.
Vitale, A. (2008). City of disorder: How the quality of life campaign transformed New York politics. New York: NYU Press.
Weisheit, R., & Wells, L. E. (2010). Methamphetamine laboratories: The geography of drug production. Western Criminology Review, 11, 9–26.
Williams, R. (1973). The country and the city. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wilson, C. P. (2000). Cop knowledge: Police power and cultural narrative in twentieth-century America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Young, J. (2003). Merton with energy, Katz with structure: The sociology of vindictiveness and the criminology of transgression. Theoretical Criminology, 7(3), 388–414.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Linnemann, T., Kurtz, D.L. Beyond the Ghetto: Police Power, Methamphetamine and the Rural War on Drugs. Crit Crim 22, 339–355 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-013-9218-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-013-9218-z