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Still a one species genus? Strong genetic diversification in the world’s largest living odonate, the Neotropical damselfly Megaloprepus caerulatus

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Abstract

Mesoamerican biodiversity is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic destruction of natural land cover. Habitat degradation and climate change are primary threats to specialized forest odonate species that are important model organisms for forest health and defining conservation units. The extreme niche specialization of Megaloprepus caerulatus, the world’s largest extant odonate, makes it well suited as an indicator for changing environmental conditions. Megaloprepus, which is considered to be a monospecific genus, is highly dependent on old growth forests whose water filled tree holes are limiting reproductive resources for this species. Here, we focus on the question how historical and recent fragmentation events, strong niche conservatism and ecological conditions have affected population dynamics, viability and the species status in this evolutionarily old genus. Two mitochondrial sequence markers (ND1 and 16S rRNA) and a set of microsatellites were used to analyze population structure and genetic diversity of M. caerulatus in the northern part of its distributional range. Results suggested an absence of gene flow and no shared haplotypes among the study populations. Statistical parsimony indicated high sub-structuring among populations with sequence diversity similar to levels found at the species level compared to other odonates. In sum, the genetic data suggest that Megaloprepus may actually consist of more than one species. The taxonomic status of the group should be revised in light of the three distinct genetic clusters found in different forest regions. The results may also allow insights into the impact of recent and historical habitat fragmentation on a strong Neotropical forest restricted insect species.

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Acknowledgments

We appreciate support received from the following Biological Stations and National Parks: the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institue—Barro Colorado Island, the Área de Conservación Osa (ACOSA)—Corcovado National Park, the Organization for Tropical Studies—Biological Station La Selva, and the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)—Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biology Station; their administrative directors and scientists: Wendy A. Barrantes R., Rosamond I. Coates, Enrique González Soriano, and Oris Acevedo. Furthermore, we would like to thank the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM), the Ministerio de Ambiente, Energía y Telecomunicaciones (MINAET), and the Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT) for permission to collect and do research. We are grateful to Bernd Schierwater, Sandra Damm, Annika Schlötelburg, and Rosamond I. Coates for helpful comments. This work was supported by a German Science Foundation (DFG) grant HA 1947/6-1 given to HH, travel grants from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the Graduate Academy from the Leibniz University Hannover to WF, and by NSF grant IOS-0641679 to OMF.

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  1. ITZ, Ecology & Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17d, 30559, Hannover, Germany

    Wiebke Feindt & Heike Hadrys

  2. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma, OK, 73019, USA

    Ola Fincke

  3. American Museum of Natural History, The Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, New York, NY, 10024, USA

    Heike Hadrys

  4. Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA

    Heike Hadrys

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Feindt, W., Fincke, O. & Hadrys, H. Still a one species genus? Strong genetic diversification in the world’s largest living odonate, the Neotropical damselfly Megaloprepus caerulatus . Conserv Genet 15, 469–481 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0554-z

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