Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Chronic Treatment with Conventional and Organic Purple Grape Juices (Vitis labrusca) on Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Serra Gaucha is described as the most important wine region of Brazil. Regarding cultivars widespread in the Serra Gaucha, about 90 % of the area is occupied by vines of Vitis labrusca that is the most important specie used in grape juice production. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of chronic intake of purple grape juice (organic and conventional) from Bordo variety (V. labrusca) on oxidative stress in different brain regions of rats supplemented with high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 months. A total of 40 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 received a standard diet and water, group 2 HFD and water, group 3 HFD and conventional grape juice (CGJ), and group 4 HFD and organic grape juice (OGJ). All groups had free access to food and drink and after 3 months of treatment the rats were euthanized by decapitation and the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum isolated and homogenized on ice for oxidative stress analysis. We observed that the consumption of calories in HFD and control groups, were higher than the groups supplemented with HFD and grape juices and that HFD diet group gain more weight than the other animals. Our results also demonstrated that HDF enhanced lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and protein damage (carbonyl) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, reduced the non-enzymatic antioxidants defenses (sulfhydryl) in cerebral cortex and cerebellum, reduced catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in all brain tissues and enhanced nitric oxide production in all cerebral tissues. CGJ and OGJ were able to ameliorate these oxidative alterations, being OGJ more effective in this protection. Therefore, grape juices could be useful in the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative damage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abeywardena MY, Leifert WR (2008) Cardioprotective actions of grape polyphenols. Nutr. Res. 28:729–737

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Method Enzymol. 105:121–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aksenov MY, Markesberry WR (2001) Change in thiol content and expression of glutathione redox system gene in the hippocampus and cerebellum in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 302:141–145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amin K, Kamel H, Eltawab M (2011) The relation of high fat diet, metabolic disturbances and brain oxidative dysfunction: modulation by hydroxy citric acid. Lipids Health Dis. 10:74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AOAC (Association Official Agriculture Chemistry) (1998) Official methods of analysis of AOAC international, 16, 4th edn. AOAC, Arlington

    Google Scholar 

  • Balu M, Snageetha P, Murali G, Pannneerselvam C (2005) Age-related oxidative protein damage in central nervous system of rats: modulatory role of grape seed extract. Int J Dev Neurosci 23:501–507

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banas SM, Rouch C, Kassis N, Markaki EM, Gerozissis K (2009) A dietary fat excess alters metabolic and neuroendocrine responses before the onset of metabolic diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 29:157–168

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bannister JV, Calabrese L (1987) Assays for SOD. Method. Biochem. Anal. 32:79–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Baur JA, Pearson KJ, Price NL, Jamieson HA, Lerin C, Kalra A, Prabhu V, Allard J, Lluch G, Lewis K, Pistell PJ, Poosala S, Becker KG, Boss O, Gwinn D, Wang M, Ramaswamy S, Fishbein KW, Spencer RG, Lakatta EG, Couter DL, Shaw RJ, Navas P, Puigserver P, Ingram DK, Abo R, Sinclair D (2006) Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet. Nature 444:337–342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behl C, Moosmann B (2002) Oxidative nerve cell death in Alzheimer’s disease and stroke: antioxidants as neuroprotective compounds. Biol. Chem. 383:521–536

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berg D, Youdim MB (2006) Role of iron in neurodegenerative disorders. Top. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 17:5–17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bogdanov MB, Andreassen OA, Dedeoglu A, Ferrante RJ, Beal MF (2001) Increased oxidative damage to DNA in a transgenic mouse of Huntington’s disease. J Neurochem 79:1246–1249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boqué N, Campión J, de La Iglesia R, de La Garza AL, Milagro FI, Roman BS, Bañuelos O, Martínez JA (2012) Screening of polyphenolic plant extracts for anti-obesity properties in Wistar rats. J Sci Food Agric. doi:10.1002/jsfa.5884

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burin MV, Falcão LD, Gonzaga LV, Fett R, Rosier JP, Bordignon-Luiz MT (2010) Colour, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of grape juice. Ciênc. tecnol. aliment. 30:1027–1032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carbonaro M, Mattera M, Nicoli S, Bergamo P, Cappelloni M (2002) Modulation of antioxidant compounds in organic vs conventional fruit (Peach, Prumus persica L., and Pear, Pyrus communis L.). J Agric Food Chem 50:5458–5462

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castilla P, Echarri R, Dávalos A, Cerrato F, Ortega H, Teruel JL, Lucas MF, Gómez-Coronado D, Ortuño J, Lasunción MA (2006) Concentrated red grape juice exerts antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antiinflammatory effects in both hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 84:252–262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dani C, Oliboni LS, Vanderlinde R, Bonatto D, Salvador M, Henriques JAP (2007) Phenolic content and antioxidant activities of white and purple juices manufactured with organically- or conventionally-produced grapes. Food Chem Toxicol 45:2574–2580

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dani C, Pasquali MAB, Oliveira MR, Umezu FM, Salvador M, Henriques JAP, Moreira JCF (2008) Protective effects of purple grape juice on carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in brains of adult Wistar rats. J Med Food 11:55–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dani C, Oliboni L, Umezu F, Salvador M, Moreira JC, Henriques JA (2009) Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of purple grape juice organic and conventional in adult rats. J Med Food 12:1111–1118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dani C, Oliboni LS, Pra D, Bonatto D, Santos CEI, Yoneama ML, Dias JF, Salvador M, Henriques JAP (2012) Mineral content is related to antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of grape juice. GMR 41:3154–3163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day AP, Kemp HJ, Bolton C, Hartog M, Stansbie D (1997) Effect of concentrated red grape juice consumption on serum antioxidant capacity and low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Ann Nutr Metab 41:353–357

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du Z, Yang Y, Hu Y, Sun Y, Zhang S, Peng W, Zhong Y, Huang X, Kong W (2012) A long-term high-fat diet increases oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in the inner ear of d-galactose-induced aging rats. Hearing Res. 287:15–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dulloo AG, Duret C, Rohrer D, Girardier L, Mensi N, Fathi M, Chantre P, Vandermander J (1999) Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 70:1040–1045

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durak I, Avci A, Kaçmaz M, Büyükkoçak S, Cimen MY, Elgün S, Oztürk HS (1999) Comparison of antioxidant potentials of red wine, white wine, grape juice and alcohol. Curr Med Res Opin 15:316–320

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emiliano AF, de Carvalho LC, da Silva C, Cordeiro V, da Costa CA, de Oliveira PB, Queiroz EF, Moreira DD, Boaventura GT, de Moura RS, Resende AC (2011) Metabolic disorders and oxidative stress programming in offspring of rats fed a high-fat diet during lactation: effects of a Vinifera grape skin (ACH 09) extract. J. Cardiovasc. Pharm. 58:319–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Estadella D, Oyama L, Dâmaso A, Ribeiro E, Nascimento C (2004) Effect of palatable hyperlipidic diet on lipid metabolism of sedentary and exercised rats. Nutrition. 20:218–224

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fachinetto R, Burger ME, Wagner C, Wondracek DC, Brito VB, Nogueira CW, Ferreira J, Rocha JBT (2005) High fat diet increases the incidence of orofacial dyskinesia and oxidative stress in specific brain regions of rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 81:585–592

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández-Fernández L, Comes G, Bolea I, Valente T, Ruiz J, Murtra P, Ramirez B, Anglés N, Reguant J, Morelló JR, Boada M, Hidalgo J, Escorihuela RM, Unzeta M (2012) LMN diet, rich in polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids, improves mouse cognitive decline associated with aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Behav Brain Res 228:261–271

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fontana L, Klein S (2007) Aging, adiposity, and calorie restriction. JAMA 297:986–994

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel EN, Bosanek CA, Meyer AS, Silliman K, Kirk LL (1998) Commercial grape Juices inhibit the in vitro oxidation of human low density lipoproteins. J. Agric Food Chem. 46:834–838

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuleki T, Ricardo-da-Silva JM (2003) Effects of cultivar and processing method on the contents of catechins and procyanidins in grape juice. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 51:640–646

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Funchal C, Carvalho CAS, Gemelli T, Centeno AS, Guerra RB, Salvador M, Dani C, Coitinho A, Gomez R (2010) Effect of acute administration of 3-butyl-1-phenyl-2-(phenyltelluro)oct-en-1-one on oxidative stress in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 30:1135–1142

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghalami J, Zardooz H, Rostamkhani F, Farrokhi B, Hedayati M (2011) High-fat diet did not change metabolic response to acute stress in rats. EXCLI J 10:205–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Gollücke A, Catharino R, Souza J, Eberlin A, Tavares D (2008) Evolution of major phenolic components and radical scavenging activity of grape juices through concentration process and storage. Food Chem 112:868–873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grundy S, Chair J, Stephen R, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franclin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC, Spertus JA, Costa F (2005) Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. Circulation 112:285–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halliwell B (2001) Role of free radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic implications for antioxidant treatment. Drugs Aging 18:685–716

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halliwell B (2006) Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: where are we now? J Neurochem 97:1634–1658

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (2007) Measurement of reactive species. In: Free radicals in biology and medicine, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, New York pp 268–340

  • Han YS, Zheng WH, Bastianetto S, Chabot JG, Quirion R (2004) Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal neurons: involvement of protein kinase C. Br J. Pharmacol. 141:997–1005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hatcher JF, Adibhatla RM (2008) Altered lipid metabolism in brain injury and disorders. Subcell Biochem 49:241–268

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hevel JM, Marletta MA (1994) Nitric oxide synthase assays. Methods Enzymol. 233:250–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollis JH, Houchins JA, Blumberg JB, Mattes RD (2009) Effects of concord grape juice on appetite, diet, body weight, lipid profile, and antioxidant status of adults. J Am Col Nut 28:574–582

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu TF, Kusumoto A, Abe K, Hosoda K, Kiso Y, Wang MF, Yamamoto S (2006) Polyphenol-enriched oolong tea increases fecal lipid excretion. Eur J Clin Nutr 60:1330–1336

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ischiropoulos H, Zhu L, Chen J, Tsai M, Martin JC, Smith CD, Beckman JS (1992) Peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration catalyzed by superoxide dismutase. Arch Biochem Biophys 298:431–437

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalmijn S (2000) Fatty acid intake and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline: a review of clinical and epidemiological studies. J. Nutr. Health Aging. 4:202–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kann O, Kovacs R (2007) Mitochondria and neuronal activity. Am. J. of Physiol. Cell Physiol. 292:641–657

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kataoka K, Takashima S, Shibata E, Hoshino E (2004) Body fat reduction by the long-term intake of catechins and the effects of physical activity. Prog Med. 24:3358–3370

    Google Scholar 

  • Kondrashov A, Sevcik R, Benakova H, Kostirova M, Stípek S (2009) The key role of grape variety or antioxidant capacity of red wine. J Clin. Nutr. Metab 4:41–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamuela-Raventos RM, Waterhouse AL (1994) Direct HPLC separation of wine phenolics. Am J Enol Vitic 45:1–5

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lau F, Shukitt H, Joseph J (2005) The beneficial effects of fruit polyphenols on brain aging. Neurobiol Aging 26:128–132

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtinen MK, Bonni A (2006) Modeling oxidative stress in the central nervous system. Curr Mol Med 6:871–881

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Pu XP (2011) Neuroprotective effect of kaempferol against a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Biol Pharm Bull 34:1291–1296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandel SA, Amit T, Weinreb O, Reznichenko L, Youdim MBH (2008) Simultaneous manipulation of multiple brain target by green tea catechins: a potential neuroprotective strategy for Alzheimer’s and Parkinsons diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 14:352–365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMurtrey KD, Minn J, Pobanz K, Schultz TP (1994) Analysis of wines for resveratrol using direct injection high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J. Agric Food Chem. 42:2077–2080

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Medeiros MC, Mello A, Gemelli T, Teixeira C, de Almeida M, de Andrade RB, Wannmacher CMD, Guerra RB, Gomez R, Funchal C (2012) Effect of chronic administration of the vinyl chalcogenide 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(phenylseleno)oct-2-en-1-one on oxidative stress in different brain areas of rats. Neurochem Res 37:928–934

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mielke J, Nicolitch K, Avellaneda V, Earlam K, Ahuja T, Mealing G, Messier C (2006) Longitudinal study of the effects of a high-fat diet on glucose regulation, hippocampal function, and cerebral insulin sensitivity in C57BL/6 mice. Behav Brain Res 175:374–382

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molteni R, Barnard R, Ying Z, Roberts C, Gomez F (2002) A high-fat, refined sugar diet reduces hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal plasticity, and learning. Neuroscience 112:03–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moses GSD, Jensen MD, Lue L, Walker DG, Sun AY, Simonyi A, Sun GY (2006) Secretory PLA2-IIA: a new inflammatory factor for Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuroinflamm 3:28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Office International de la Vigne et du Vin (2003). HPLC-determination of nine major anthocyanins in red and rose wine. Resolution OENO 22/2003

  • Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351–358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osman HE, Maalej N, Shanmuganayagam D, Folts JD (1998) Grape juice but not orange or grapefruit juice inhibits platelet activity in dogs and monkeys (Macaca fasciularis). J Nutr 128:2307–2312

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozyurt H, Olmez I (2012) Reactive oxygen species and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Neurochem Int 60:208–212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park KY, Park E, Kim JS, Kang MH (2003) Daily grape juice consumption reduces oxidative DNA damage and plasma free radical levels in healthy Koreans. Mutat Res 529:77–86

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park HJ, Jung UJ, Lee MK, Cho SJ, Jung HK, Hong JH, Park YB, Kim SR, Shim S, Jung J, Choi MS (2012) Modulation of lipid metabolism by polyphenol-rich grape skin extract improves liver steatosis and adiposity in high fat fed mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201200447

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters U, Poole C, Arab L (2001) Does tea affect cardiovascular disease? A meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 154:495–503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puglielli L (2007) Aging of the brain, neurotrophin signaling, and Alzheimer’s disease: is IGF1-R the common culprit? Neurobiol Aging 29:795–811

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raval AP, Dave KR, Pinzón MAP (2006) Resveratrol mimics ischemic preconditioning in the brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26:1141–1147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reznick AZ, Packer L (1994) Carbonyl assay for determination of oxidatively modified proteins. Methods Enzymol. 233:357–363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro MCP, Barbosa NBV, de Almeida TM, Parcianello LM, Perottoni J, de Ávila DS, Rocha JBT (2009) High-fat diet and hydrochlorothiazide increase oxidative stress in brain of rats. Cell Biochem Funct 27:473–478

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robb EL, Winkelmolen L, Visanji N, Brotchie J, Stuart JA (2008) Dietary resveratrol administration increases MnSOD expression and activity in mouse brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 372:254–259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues AD, Scheffel TB, Scola G, Santos MT, Fank B, de Freitas SC, Dani C, Vanderlinde R, Henriques JA, Coitinho AS, Salvador M (2012) Neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effects of organic and conventional purple grape juices on seizures in Wistar rats induced by pentylenetetrazole. Neurochem Int 60:799–805

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez EM, Casajeros MJ, Canals S, de Bernardo S, Mena MA (2012) Thiolic antioxidants protect from nitric oxide induced toxicity in fetal midbrain cultures. Neuropharmacology 43:877–888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rumpler W, Seale J, Clevidence B, Judd J, Wiley E, Yamamoto S, Komatsu T, Sawaki T, Ishikura Y, Hosoda K (2001) Oolong tea increases metabolic rate and fat oxidation in men. J Nutr 131:2848–2852

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scola G, Conte D, Spada PWD, Dani C, Vanderlinde R, Funchal C, Salvador M (2010) Flavan-3-ol compounds from wine wastes with in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. Nutrients. 2:1048–1059

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sies H (1991) Oxidative stress: from basic research to clinical application. Am J Med 91:31–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silver HJ, Dietrich MS, Niswender KD (2011) Effects of grapefruit, grapefruit juice and water preloads on energy balance, weight loss, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk in free-living obese adults. Nutr Metab 8:8. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-8-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM (1999) Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin–Ciocalteau reagent. In: Packer L (ed) Methods in enzymology, oxidant and antioxidants, 541 Part A edn. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 159–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha K, Chaudhary G, Gupta YK (2002) Protective effect of resveratrol against oxidative stress in middle cerebral artery occlusion modelo of stroke in rats. Life Sci 71:655–665

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solfrizzi V, Panza F, Capurso A (2003) The role of diet in cognitive decline. J Neural Transm Gen Sect 110:95–110

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soulis G, Kitraki E, Gerozissis K (2005) Early neuroendocrine alterations in female rats following a diet moderately enriched in fat. Cell Mol Neurobiol 25:869–880

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stamler JS, Toone EJ (2002) The decomposition of thionitrites. Curr Opin Chem Biol 6:779–785

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MTD, Mazur M, Telser J (2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39:44–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venables MC, Hulston CJ, Cox HR, Jeukendrup AE (2008) Green tea extract ingestion, fat oxidation, and glucose tolerance in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr 87:778–784

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venturini CD, Merlo S, Souto AA, Fernandes MC, Gomez R, Rhoden CR (2011) Resveratrol and red wine function as antioxidants in the central nervous system without cellular proliferative effects during experimental diabetes. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 6:434–441

    Google Scholar 

  • Vingtdeux V, Werringloer UD, Zhao H, Davies P, Marambaud P (2008) Therapeutic potential of resveratrol in Alzheimer’s disease. BMC Neurosci 9:6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xia N, Daiber A, Habermeier A, Closs EI, Thum T, Spanier G, Lu Q, Oelze M, Torzewski M, Lackner KJ, Munzel T, Forstermann U, Li H (2010) Resveratrol reverses endothelial nitric-oxide synthase uncoupling in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 335:149–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamakura F, Matsumoto T, Ikedal K, Taka H, Fujimura T, Murayama K, Watanabe E, Tamaki M, Imai T, Takamori K (2005) Nitrated and oxidized products of a single tryptophan residue in human Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase treated with either peroxynitritecarbon dioxide or myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-nitrite. J Biochem 138:57–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zern TL, Fernandez ML (2005) Cardioprotective effect of dietary of polyphenols. J Nutr 135:1911–1917

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong L, Furne JK, Levitt MD (2006) An extract of black, green, and mulberry teas causes malabsorption of carbohydrate but not of triacylglycerol in healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 84:551–555

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by research Grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) and Centro Universitário Metodista do IPA.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Universitário Metodista do IPA, Rua Cel. Joaquim Pedro Salgado, 80, Porto Alegre, RS, 90420-060, Brazil

    Marcia Gilceane Cardozo, Niara Medeiros, Denise dos Santos Lacerda, Daniela Campos de Almeida, Caroline Dani & Cláudia Funchal

  2. Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    João Antônio Pegas Henriques

  3. Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil

    João Antônio Pegas Henriques

Authors
  1. Marcia Gilceane Cardozo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Niara Medeiros
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Denise dos Santos Lacerda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Daniela Campos de Almeida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. João Antônio Pegas Henriques
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Caroline Dani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Cláudia Funchal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cláudia Funchal.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cardozo, M.G., Medeiros, N., dos Santos Lacerda, D. et al. Effect of Chronic Treatment with Conventional and Organic Purple Grape Juices (Vitis labrusca) on Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet. Cell Mol Neurobiol 33, 1123–1133 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-013-9978-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-013-9978-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation