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Mechanisms of the Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption in HIV-1 Infection

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Summary

1. Alterations of brain microvasculature and the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity are commonly associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. These changes are most frequently found in human immunodeficiency virus-related encephalitis (HIVE) and in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia (HAD).

2. It has been hypothesized that the disruption of the BBB occurs early in the course of HIV-1 infection and can be responsible for HIV-1 entry into the CNS.

3. The current review discusses the mechanisms of injury to brain endothelial cells and alterations of the BBB integrity in HIV-infection with focus on the vascular effects of HIV Tat protein. In addition, this review describes the mechanisms of the BBB disruption due to HIV-1 or Tat protein interaction with selected risk factors for HIV infection, such as substance abuse and aging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky

    Michal Toborek, Yong Woo Lee, Govinder Flora, Hong Pu & Ibolya E. András

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Railway Hospital, Katowice, 40-752, Poland

    Edward Wylegala

  3. College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky

    Bernhard Hennig

  4. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

    Avindra Nath

  5. Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536

    Michal Toborek

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  1. Michal Toborek
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Toborek, M., Lee, Y.W., Flora, G. et al. Mechanisms of the Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption in HIV-1 Infection. Cell Mol Neurobiol 25, 181–199 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-004-1383-x

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