Abstract
In order to improve the antimicrobial activity of bacterial cellulose (BC), the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were in situ fabricated on the BC membranes, affording BC and Ag hybrid antimicrobial materials, BC + Ag, which possesses excellent antimicrobial performance. Typically, carboxyl groups were firstly introduced into BC by TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidation. Then, the carboxyl-functionalized BC was performed with ion-exchange reaction to change the sodium ions into Ag+ by immersing in AgNO3 aqueous solution, generating Ag+ anchored BC. Finally, two types of distinct reductive reagents including NaBH4 and sodium citrate were employed to transform Ag+ into Ag NPs to fabricate BC + Ag. The diameters of Ag NPs were determined to be 3.8 nm for NaBH4-reduced BC + Ag, and 22.0 nm for sodium citrate-reduced one, respectively. The silver content of BC + Ag were determined to be 1.944 and 2.895 wt% for NaBH4-reduced sample and sodium citrate-reduced one, respectively. Two types of BC + Ag both showed a slow and persistent Ag+ release profile, but the NaBH4-reduced one released much more Ag+ than that of sodium citrate under the same measurement condition. In-depth antibacterial analysis via the disc diffusion and colony forming count method disclosed that BC + Ag exhibited strong bactericidal effects against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. And the antibacterial activity of NaBH4-reduced BC + Ag was higher than the sodium citrate-reduced one. Overall, this study would further improve the antibacterial efficiency of BC + Ag.
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Abbreviations
- BC:
-
Bacterial cellulose
- TEMPO:
-
2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical
- BC + Ag:
-
Silver nanoparticles on carboxyl-functionalized BC composites
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- DP:
-
Degree of polymerization
- E. coli :
-
Escherichia coli
- S. aureus :
-
Staphylococcus aureus
- SH:
-
Schenk and Hildebrandt medium
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- ICP-MS:
-
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- LB:
-
Luria–Bertani medium
- SPR:
-
Surface plasmon resonance
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Acknowledgments
This work was funded by the Cooperation Projects of Foshan City and Chinese Academy (No. 2012HY100115), Strategic Cooperation Projects Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy (No. 2011B090300018), the Scientific and Technological Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2011B010400039, 2011B070500020) and the Scientific and Technological Project of Guangzhou City (No. 11A24060559).
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Feng, J., Shi, Q., Li, W. et al. Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles in situ growth on TEMPO-mediated oxidized bacterial cellulose. Cellulose 21, 4557–4567 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0449-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0449-2